[Analysis of the evolution of outpatient pharmaceutical care in hospital pharmacy services in Spain after the implementation and development of the MAPEX initiative].

Introduction And Objective: In 2015, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) launched the Strategic Map for Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care (MAPEX), with the purpose of adapting the activity offered in Hospital Pharmacy outpatient clinics to the new healthcare context. The aim of the present study was to analyse the evolution of outpatient pharmaceutical care in Hospital Pharmacy Services in Spain in the period 2016-2021 after the implementation and development of the MAPEX initiative.

Material And Method: The implementation and development of the project was carried out by a group of experts from SEFH and consisted of five phases: creation of the structure, consensus conference, situation analysis, development of strategic initiatives and evolutionary analysis.

[Translated article] Analysis 2016-2021 of the development of the MAPEX outpatient pharmaceutical care Project by Regions in Spain.

Objective: To analyse the evolution of the MAPEX Project (Strategic Map of Pharmaceutical Care for Outpatients) by regions in Spain, through the results of the comparative situation survey between 2016 and 2021.

Methods: A committee of national experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy prepared the MAPEX Survey on the situation of Outpatient Units, which consisted of 43 specific questions on aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, results and training, teaching, and investigation. It was carried out in 2 periods, one in 2016 and another in 2021 (with 3 additional questions in 2021, related to the progress of the MAPEX initiative and the priority lines to follow).

Medication reconciliation on admission in paediatric chronic patients: A multicentre study.

Introduction: Medication reconciliation (MC) is one of the main strategies to reduce medication errors in care transitions. In Spain, several guidelines have been published with recommendations for the implementation and development of MC aimed at the adult population, although paediatric patients are not included. In 2018, a study was carried out that led to the subsequent publication of a document with criteria for selecting paediatric patients in whom CM should be prioritised.

Analysis 2016-2021 of the development of the MAPEX outpatient pharmaceutical care Project by regions in Spain.

Objective: Analyse the evolution of the MAPEX Project (Strategic Map of Pharmaceutical Care for Outpatients) by regions in Spain, through the results of the comparative situation survey between the years 2016 and 2021.

Methods: A committee of national experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy prepared the MAPEX Survey on the situation of Outpatient Units, which consisted of 43 specific questions on aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, results and training, teaching and investigation. It was carried out in two periods, one in 2016 and another in 2021 (with 3 additional questions in 2021, related to the progress of the MAPEX initiative and the priority lines to follow).

[Translated article] Medication reconciliation in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients: A multicenter study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of reconciliation errors on admission to hospital in the pediatric onco-hematological population in order to check whether they are similarly susceptible to these reconciliation errors as adults and to describe the characteristics of the patients who suffer them.

Methods: A 12-month prospective, multicentre study of medication reconciliation on admission in the pediatric onco-hematological population to assess the incidence of reconciliation errors and to describe the characteristics of the patients.

Results: Medication reconciliation was performed in 157 patients.

Multicentre study of medication reconciliation in paediatric onco-hematology.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of reconciliation errors (RE) on admission to hospital in the paediatric onco-haematological population in order to check whether they are similarly susceptible to these RE as adults and to describe the characteristics of the patients who suffer them.

Methods: A 12-month prospective, multicentre study of medication reconciliation on admission in the paediatric onco-haematological population to assess the incidence of RE and describe the characteristics of the patients in whom they occur.

Results: Medication reconciliation was performed in 157 patients.

Development of Antimicrobial Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for the Pediatric Population.

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) optimize antimicrobial use, improve patient outcomes, and reduce resistance. To assess the effectiveness of ASPs, it is necessary to have indicators that can be widely used. Defined daily dose (DDD) was designed by WHO for the adult population as a consumption indicator.

Appropriateness of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Cervicitis and Urethritis Prescribed in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: Sexually transmitted infections are a prevalent global health care problem. Treatment guidelines have recently been updated as a result of antimicrobial resistance and public health trends. The aim of the study was to assess the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy prescribed for cervicitis and urethritis in the emergency department.

Standardisation of intravenous infusion therapy for paediatrics: big challenges for the little patients.

Background: Worldwide organisations advocate standardising the management of intravenous drugs as an essential strategy to increase safety in paediatric healthcare settings. Intravenous administration is a route associated with some potential complications. Many adverse events are related to the use of intravenous medications, and the great variability in their handling and preparation represents an added risk that jeopardises the safety of children.

Outpatient pharmaceutical care satisfaction survey through Telepharmacy during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

Objective: To present the results of a survey about the Telemedicine outpatients experience and satisfaction of a pharmaceutical care  program through Telepharmacy, carried out from hospital pharmacy  departments in Spain during COVID-19 Pandemic (ENOPEX survey), and  identify differences across regions in Spain.

Method: An analysis of results of the national survey ENOPEX on outpatient Telepharmacy services during the lockdown due to the COVID‑19 pandemic, analyzed by autonomous community in Spain. Data was collected in relation to point of delivery; pharmacotherapeutic follow-up; patient's opinion and satisfaction with Telemedicine; confidentiality; future development of pharmaceutical care, through Telepharmacy services;  and coordination with the patient care team.

Adecuacy of pediatric antimicrobial prescribing in the Emergency Department at discharge.

Introduction: In January 2019, the Community of Madrid's Health Department published a guide about the use of antimicrobials in outpatient children. Taking this regional Guide as reference, this study was aimed at estimating the adequacy of the antimicrobial stewardship at discharge from a pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Secondarily, the differences in adequacy according to the diagnosis and the prescriber were studied, and the agreement between this Guide and the protocols of the ED was assessed.

Antimicrobial defined daily dose in neonatal population.

Background: Antimicrobial defined daily dose (DDD), a standardized metric to assess antimicrobial consumption in adult population, has limitations hampering its use in neonatal patients. This study proposes an alternative DDD design applicable for neonates.

Methods: Neonates (<1 month-old) from 6 Spanish hospitals during a 12-months period were included.

Outpatients' Opinion And Experience Regarding Telepharmacy During The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Enopex Project.

Background: Telepharmacy, as a remote pharmaceutical care procedure, is being used worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of preserving the health of patients and professionals. Its future development should incorporate the assessment of patient perception, but no research study has investigated it.

Objective: The objective was to poll the opinions and experiences of outpatients with telepharmacy through a purpose-developed questionnaire and to assess it's quality through an internal validity and reliability analysis.

[Development of the Q-PEX standard for quality certification of pharmaceutical care for outpatients of Pharmacy services].

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the process of creation and development of the quality certification standard for pharmaceutical care for outpatients of the Pharmacy services.

Method: The methodology was carried out by a group of experts from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and consisted of three phases: situation analysis, development of the standard and definition of the self-assessment tool and, finally, piloting in several hospitals, determining its feasibility, carrying out a new revision and readaptation.

Results: A standard was defined with 118 items distributed in ten areas.

Antimicrobial defined daily dose in neonatal population.

Background: Antimicrobial defined daily dose (DDD), a standardized metric to assess antimicrobial consumption in adult population, has limitations hampering its use in neonatal patients. This study proposes an alternative DDD design applicable for neonates.

Methods: Neonates (<1 month-old) from 6 Spanish hospitals during a 12-months period were included.

Estudio multicéntrico de la incidencia y evitabilidad de los incidentes por medicamentos en pacientes que acuden a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas.

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia, gravedad y evitabilidad de los  incidentes por medicamentos detectados en los pacientes que acuden a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas, e identificar los grupos de edad de mayor riesgo y los medicamentos implicados.Método: Estudio multicéntrico observacional prospectivo, realizado entre  marzo y junio de 2017, en pacientes entre 0 y 16 años que acudieron a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas de ocho hospitales públicos españoles. Se recogieron tres tipos de incidentes: eventos adversos por medicamentos, errores de medicación e intoxicaciones accidentales.

[Adecuacy of pediatric antimicrobial prescribing in the Emergency Department at discharge].

Introduction: In January 2019, Community of Madrid's Health Department published a guide about the use of antimicrobials in outpatient children. Taking this regional Guide as reference, this study was aimed at estimating the adequacy of the antimicrobial stewardship at discharge from a pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Secondarily, the differences in adequacy according to the diagnosis and the prescriber were studied, and the agreement between this Guide and the protocols of the ED was assessed.

Clinical course of severe patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab: report from a cohort study in Spain.

: We report the long-term outcomes, changes in laboratory parameters, the incidence of secondary nosocomial infections and treatment cost of a Spanish cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 that received tocilizumab (TCZ).: Retrospective cohort of PCR confirmed adult patients who received TCZ from March 1 to 24, 2020 in a tertiary hospital was analyzed. Patients were followed up until 10 May 2020.

Bromocriptine for the treatment of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in pediatric patients: Three case reports.

Introduction: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a common complication after posterior fossa tumor resection. It is characterized by a significant lack or loss of speech. Its biological origin remains unclear and there are no standardized treatments.

Survey on the situation of telepharmacy as applied to the outpatient care in hospital pharmacy departments in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To analyze the status of the implementation and development of  telepharmacy as applied to the pharmaceutical care of outpatients treated at  hospital pharmacy services in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Six weeks after the beginning of the confinement period, an online 10- question survey was sent to all members of the Spanish Society of Hospital  Pharmacists. A single response per hospital was requested.

Hospital pharmacist challenges in evaluation of scientific evidence and its incorporation to pharmacotherapeutic protocols through therapeutic committees in COVID-19 times.

Type 2 coronavirus pandemics that is plaguing almost all the world has caused  qualitative and quantitative strains in health systems that have had to be responded to. The lack of known vaccines and effective treatments has generated the need to  use drugs with very little evidence for their incorporation into pharmacotherapeutic  protocols agreed by the clinical team. The hospital pharmacist, within the  multidisciplinary team, has been responsible for critically evaluating the alternatives and positioning them in these protocols.

Antimicrobial defined daily dose adjusted by weight: a proposal for antibiotic consumption measurement in children.

Introduction: Antimicrobial defined daily dose (DDD), has limitations for antimicrobial consumption measurement in paediatrics. An alternative DDD design applicable for children is proposed.

Methods: Children (<16 years-old) from 10 Spanish hospitals during a 12-months period were included.