Cluster analysis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated pathogens shows the existence of two epidemiological patterns in BRD outbreaks.

A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease (BRD; n = 156) in natural groups according to the detection of nine pathogens (parainfluenza 3 virus (PI-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Pathogens were detected by individual q-PCRs. Two clusters were identified.

Capsular type diversity of Mannheimia haemolytica determined by multiplex real-time PCR and indirect hemagglutination in clinical isolates from cattle, sheep, and goats in Spain.

This study compares the utility of a commercially available multiplex q-PCR assay for serotyping A1, A2, and A6 M. haemolytica serotypes with indirect hemagglutination, for determining the relative distribution of M. haemolytica capsular types associated with respiratory disorders in cattle, sheep, and goats.