Neuropsychological Assessment for Early Detection and Diagnosis of Dementia: Current Knowledge and New Insights.

Dementia remains an underdiagnosed syndrome, and there is a need to improve the early detection of cognitive decline. This narrative review examines the role of neuropsychological assessment in the characterization of cognitive changes associated with dementia syndrome at different states. The first section describes the early indicators of cognitive decline and the major barriers to their identification.

A novel abbreviated version of the Luria neuropsychological diagnosis battery: reliability and convergent validity in Spanish older adults.

Objective: To estimate the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the new Spanish abbreviated version of the Luria Neuropsychological Diagnosis (DNA-2) battery for older adults.

Method: A total of thirty cognitively healthy volunteers were examined in this study. The participants completed a comprehensive standardized assessment, encompassing cognitive and functional performance.

Physical activity and its relationship to burden and health concerns in family caregivers of people with dementia.

Background: Caring for people with dementia (PwD) usually triggers stress and leads to mental and somatic health complaints (SHCs). Physical activity (PA) can provide burden relief in PwD caregivers, but it is not clear whether PA habits would contribute to reducing SHCs. This study aims to analyze the effect of PA on the relationship between burden and SHCs in a sample of family caregivers of PwD.

Neuropathological and sociodemographic factors associated with the cortical amyloid load in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. A pathological hallmark of AD is a region-specific accumulation of the amyloid-beta protein (Aβ). Here, we explored the association between regional Aβ deposition, sociodemographic, and local biochemical factors.

Identifying biomarkers for tDCS treatment response in Alzheimer's disease patients: a machine learning approach using resting-state EEG classification.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, identifying objective biomarkers that can predict brain stimulation efficacy, remains a challenge. The primary aim of this investigation is to delineate the cerebral regions implicated in AD, taking into account the existing lacuna in comprehension of these regions.

How to improve attitudes towards dementia? Reframing as a tool to overcome the stigma around Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This article aims to determine how Alzheimer's disease (AD) framing impacts on attitudes and self-reported emotions towards the disease.

Methods: We designed posters with framed messages based on the person with AD: Dualism of body and mind, Unity of body and mind, and control (Study 1, N = 261) and based on the relationship person with AD-family: No reciprocation, Good Mother, and control (Study 2, N = 240). To analyse the effect of the different frames, attitudes towards AD were measured twice (before and after the posters display).

Temporal and contextual binding in episodic memory in younger and older adults.

Episodic memory (EM) is a subsystem responsible for storing and recalling information about the basic elements of an event in a binding manner. Some approaches consider the temporal element to be one of the basic components of EM ( paradigm), while others consider that the contextual component is able in practice to better represent this cognitive ability ( paradigm). The relationship of both paradigms simultaneously with other instruments for measuring EM has not been investigated in healthy older adults.

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Burnout and Self-Perceived Health in Spanish Occupational Therapists.

(1) Background: There are few studies of burnout syndrome (BS) in occupational therapists (OTs), and protective factors for BS have received little attention in the scientific literature. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of BS, characterize the associated psychosocial factors, and analyze their relationship with health in a sample of Spanish OTs. (2) Methods: A total of 127 therapists completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and other standardized questionnaires measuring: personality traits (reduced five-factor personality inventory, NEO-FFI), coping styles (Coping Strategies Questionnaire, CAE), work-family conflict (Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, SWING), professional factors (role ambiguity/clarity and modified role conflict questionnaires), and the perception of health (Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire).

Is cognitive reserve associated with the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke? A Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of socio-behavioral cognitive reserve (CR) proxies on cognitive decline after stroke.

Method: Three journal search and indexing databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences) were crossed to examine the scientific evidence systematically. In addition, meta-analytic techniques, using mixed-effect methods, were carried out to estimate the impact (pooled effect size) of CR proxies on either dementia incidence or cognitive decline after stroke.

Effects on pain and cognition of transcranial direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in women with chronic migraine.

We compared the effects of one versus two daily sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 days in a cohort of 30 women (mean age 28.0±6.92) with chronic migraine (CM, disease duration: 37.

The effect of framing on attitudes towards Alzheimer's disease. A comparative study between younger and older adults.

The stigma and negative attitudes surrounding Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reinforced by the prevalence of their negative representations. This study aimed to determine how AD framing influences attitudes towards AD and whether this influence differs between younger and older people. Additionally, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was used to examine the mediating role that emotions induced by different frames may have in bringing about attitude change.

Education and Literacy as Risk Factors of Dementia after Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: NEDICES Study.

Background: A protective effect of education on cognitive decline after stroke has been claimed, but evidence from prospective population-based cohorts is very limited. The differential role of literacy and education on dementia after stroke remains unexplored.

Objective: This research addresses the role of education and literacy in dementia incidence after stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS and respiratory rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-19 The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ADRS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with muscle fatigue, corticospinal pathways dysfunction, and mortality. High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) may be used to attenuate clinical impairment in these patients. The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS with respiratory rehabilitation in patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

Effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease and its neurophysiological correlates: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive stimulation (CS) over 2 months on cognitive performance and brain activity, and the relationship between them, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Patients with AD were randomly assigned to an active tDCS+CS (n=18) or a sham tDCS+CS (n=18) group. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and brain activity using EEG (spectral power and coherence analysis) before and after the intervention.

The Distinctive Role of Grounded Optimism and Resilience for predicting Burnout and Work Engagement: A study in Professional Caregivers of Older Adults.

Background: Resilience and optimism have been proposed as psychological resources which may help to cope better with work demands, preventing negative consequences of stress, whereas external locus of control (ELC) is considered an intra-psychic vulnerability factor associated with increased burnout. Noteworthy, the specific role of these overlapping constructs on the prevention of burnout and promotion of work engagement, respectively, remains unclear.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare the differential significance of resilience and optimism, joined with ELC, on the prediction of burnout and work engagement.

Does the d2 Test of Attention only assess sustained attention? Evidence of working memory processes involved.

The d2 Test of Attention (d2) is widely used for assessing sustained attention and we aimed at verifying whether working memory may be a secondary construct measured by d2. 70 university students were assessed using d2 conventional paper-and-pencil and computational version. The experimental group and control group performed the task with or without target key, respectively.

Perception of Tinnitus: Direct and Indirect Effects of Resilience, Personality Traits, and Psychiatric Symptoms.

Background: Psychiatric conditions are common in individuals with tinnitus. Therefore, the ways individuals cope with such conditions and personality can influence the characteristics of tinnitus.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of resilience, personality traits, and psychiatric symptoms on the tinnitus perception.

The age-invariant role of resilience resources in emotional symptomatology.

Unlabelled: 1) To study the relationship between resilience resources (both social and individual) and emotional symptomatology (depression and anxiety symptoms), taking into account the potential indirect effects through perceived stress; 2) to investigate whether this network of relationships varies in different age groups.

Method: A sample of 718 Brazilians completed self-reports on perceived stress, depressive and anxious symptomatology, social support and individual resilience. The sample comprised two age groups: a sample of adults aged 60 or older ( = 361; 38.

Multisite transcranial direct current stimulation associated with cognitive training in episodic memory and executive functions in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: a case report.

Background: Dementia is among the most common chronic noncommunicable neurodegenerative diseases. In the long term, it causes disability and loss of autonomy and independence. It is estimated that there are 35.

Comparison of two tDCS protocols on pain and EEG alpha-2 oscillations in women with fibromyalgia.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been used as an alternative treatment for pain reduction in fibromyalgia. In this study, in addition to behavioral measures, we analyzed oscillations in alpha 2 frequency band in the frontal, occipital, and parietal regions, in response to the application of two neuromodulation protocols in fibromyalgia. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 31 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia.

Comparison of mortality rate in older adults with and without functional awareness: the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) population-based study.

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to compare the rates of mortality in older adults with and without functional unawareness (FU). We also tested a possible interaction effect between levels of awareness and education, as a single cognitive reserve proxy, on mortality.

Study Design: The study design is a longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of successful aging scale in community-dwelling older adults.

There is a growing consensus regarding the multidimensional nature of successful aging (SA), including both the biomedical and psychosocial domains of the aging process. The Successful Aging Scale (SAS) is a self-rated instrument addressing both of these components. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SAS (SAS-B) with regard to reliability and validity in 949 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults (53.

Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Portuguese Version: validity and metrics for the older adult population.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the new Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Brief Resilience Scale (B-BRS) in older adults.

Method: A sample of 1251 participants (54.20% women;  = 68.

Long-term memory of haptic and visual information in older adults.

The present study examined haptic and visual memory capacity for familiar objects through the application of an intentional free-recall task with three-time intervals in a sample of 78 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A wooden box and a turntable were used for the presentation of haptic and visual stimuli, respectively. The procedure consisted of two phases, a study phase that consisted of the presentation of stimuli, and a test phase (free-recall task) performed after one hour, one day or one week.