A Photonic Immunosensor Detection Method for Viable and Non-Viable in Water Samples.

Detection and enumeration of coliform bacteria using traditional methods and current molecular techniques against usually involve long processes with less sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between viable and non-viable bacteria for microbiological water analysis. This approach involves developing and validating an immunosensor comprising ring resonators functionalized with specific antibodies surrounded by a network of microchannels as an alternative method for detecting and indirectly enumerating in samples of water for consumption. Different ELISA assays were conducted to characterize monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies selected as detection probes for specific B-galactosidase enzymes and membrane LPS antigens of .

Beyond Quiescent and Active: Intermediate Microglial Transcriptomic States in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.

Research on microglia in Down syndrome (DS) has shown that microglial activation, increased inflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress occur at different ages in DS brains. However, most studies resulted in simplistic definitions of microglia as quiescent or active, ignoring potential intermediate states. Indeed, recent work on microglial cells in young DS brains indicated that those evolve through different intermediate activation phenotypes before reaching a fully activated state.

The lncRNA Snhg11, a new candidate contributing to neurogenesis, plasticity, and memory deficits in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) stands as the prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, yet comprehensive understanding of its cellular and molecular underpinnings remains limited. In this study, we explore the cellular landscape of the hippocampus in a DS mouse model, the Ts65Dn, through single-nuclei transcriptional profiling. Our findings demonstrate that trisomy manifests as a highly specific modification of the transcriptome within distinct cell types.

Chemical, Biochemical, Cellular, and Physiological Characterization of Leucettinib-21, a Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease Drug Candidate.

Leucettinibs are substituted 2-aminoimidazolin-4-ones (inspired by the marine sponge natural product Leucettamine B) developed as pharmacological inhibitors of DYRK1A (dual-specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A), a therapeutic target for indications such as Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Leucettinib-21 was selected as a drug candidate following extensive structure/activity studies and multiparametric evaluations. We here report its physicochemical properties (X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, stability, solubility, crystal structure) and drug-like profile.

Exploring the link between hedonic overeating and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. Conventionally, this has been attributed to endocrine issues and lack of exercise. However, deficits in neural reward responses and dopaminergic disturbances in DS may be contributing factors.

Development of Photonic Multi-Sensing Systems Based on Molecular Gates Biorecognition and Plasmonic Sensors: The PHOTONGATE Project.

This paper presents the concept of a novel adaptable sensing solution currently being developed under the EU Commission-founded PHOTONGATE project. This concept will allow for the quantification of multiple analytes of the same or different nature (chemicals, metals, bacteria, etc.) in a single test with levels of sensitivity and selectivity at/or over those offered by current solutions.

Perspective from a Hubbard U-density corrected scheme towards a spin crossover-mediated change in gas affinity.

By employing a recently proposed Hubbard U density-corrected scheme within density functional theory, we provide design principles towards the design of materials exhibiting a spin crossover-assisted gas release. Small molecular fragments are used as case study to identify two main mechanisms behind the change in binding energy upon spin transitions. The feasibility of the proposed mechanism in porous crystals is assessed by correlating the change in binding energy of CO2, CO, N2, and H2, upon spin crossover, with the adiabatic energy difference associated with the spin state change of the square-planar metal in Hofmann-type clathrates (M = Fe, Mn, Ni).

The lncRNA Snhg11, a new candidate contributing to neurogenesis, plasticity and memory deficits in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) stands as the prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, yet comprehensive understanding of its cellular and molecular underpinnings remains limited. In this study, we explore the cellular landscape of the hippocampus in a DS mouse model through single-nuclei transcriptional profiling. Our findings demonstrate that trisomy manifests as a highly specific modification of the transcriptome within distinct cell types.

Development of Optical Label-Free Biosensor Method in Detection of from Food.

The present work describes an alternative method for detecting and identifying in food samples by developing a nanophotonic biosensor containing bioreceptors and optical transducers. The development of photonic sensors for the detection of pathogens in the food industry involves the implementation of procedures for selecting probes against the antigens of interest and the functionalization of the sensor surfaces on which the said bioreceptors are located. As a previous step to functionalizing the biosensor, an immobilization control of these antibodies on silicon nitride surfaces was carried out to check the effectiveness of in plane immobilization.

CO and CO adsorption mechanism in Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)] probed by neutron scattering and density-functional theory calculations.

We study the binding mechanism of CO and CO in the porous spin-crossover compound Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)] by combining neutron diffraction (ND), inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two adsorption sites are identified, above the open-metal site and between the pyrazine rings. For CO adsorption, the guest molecules are parallel to the neighboring gas molecules and perpendicular to the pyrazine planes.

Defective engram allocation contributes to impaired fear memory performance in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability (ID). The cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to ID in DS are not completely understood. Recent evidence indicates that a given memory is encoded by sparsely distributed neurons, highly activated during learning, the engram cells.

Proteomic profiling reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebellum of transgenic mice overexpressing DYRK1A, a Down syndrome candidate gene.

Introduction: DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS) and plays a key role in neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and function, cognitive phenotypes, and aging. Dyrk1A has also been implicated in cerebellar abnormalities observed in association with DS, and normalization of Dyrk1A dosage rescues granular and Purkinje cell densities in a trisomic DS mouse model. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing these processes are unknown.

Neurodevelopmental disorders: 2022 update.

With a prevalence of 2-4% of the worldwide population, neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with neurodevelopmental dysfunction, including intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among others. However, due to their heterogeneity and overlapping clinical features, NDDs such as ASD are often misdiagnosed, while for others with more distinct symptoms, such as Rett syndrome or DS, the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis remain elusive. Last year, important steps in the mechanistic understanding of several NDDs have been achieved.

Müller glia fused with adult stem cells undergo neural differentiation in human retinal models.

Background: Visual impairments are a critical medical hurdle to be addressed in modern society. Müller glia (MG) have regenerative potential in the retina in lower vertebrates, but not in mammals. However, in mice, in vivo cell fusion between MG and adult stem cells forms hybrids that can partially regenerate ablated neurons.

Rethinking Intellectual Disability from Neuro- to Astro-Pathology.

Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classically been thought to be exclusively under neuronal control. However, this vision has recently evolved into a more integrative conception in which astroglia, rather than just acting as metabolic supply and structural anchoring for neurons, interact at distinct levels modulating neuronal communication and possibly also cognitive processes.

Thinking Outside the "Blue Box": Induced Fit within a Unique Self-Assembled Polycationic Cyclophane.

We present herein the development of a new polycationic molecular receptor, inspired by the ubiquitous cyclobis(paraquat- p-phenylene)cyclophane ("blue box"). Our analogue, the "white box", has been easily self-assembled on a preparative scale in water, using a template-assisted process by acyl hydrazone bonding of complementary bis(pyridinium)xylylene tweezers, followed by kinetic trapping of the empty receptor. The obtained macrocycle was found to display a marked pH responsiveness in water, because of an abnormal acidity of the amide protons within its structure.

d-Polyarginine Lipopeptides as Intestinal Permeation Enhancers.

An estimated 285 million people were living with diabetes in 2010, and this number is expected to reach 440 million by 2030. Current treatment of this disease involves the intradermal injection of insulin analogues. Many alternative administration routes have been proposed, the oral route being the most widely studied.

DNA synthesis in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes of intact and hepatectomized young mice.

DNA synthesis of hepatocytes in two areas of Intact and Hepatectomized young mice liver along a circadian period was studied. DNA synthesis was significantly different at all analyzed time points in Intact and Hepatectomized animals. Differences between periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were found in hepatectomized animals at 04/42 and 08/46 hr of day/hour post-hepatectomy.

Evaluation of angiogenesis with the expression of VEGF and CD34 in human non-small cell lung cancer.

Angiogenesis is an essential process in the progression of malignant tumors and the most potent angiogenic factor is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the other hand, the CD34 is an endothelial antigen that has been used to highlight the microvasculature vessel density (MVD) as a direct marker of the degree of neoangiogenesis. In the present study we report the VEGF expression and its relationship with MVD, measured by CD34, in two lineages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL): low differentiated adenocarcinomas and epidermoid carcinomas, in order to consider the possibility of using the correlation between both antibodies as a prognostic factor.