Patterned Biolayers of Protein Antigens for Label-Free Biosensing in Cow Milk Allergy.

This paper focuses on creating one-dimensional diffractive grooved structures of antigen proteins on glass substrates for the label-free detection of antibodies to dairy allergens. In particular, the fabrication of protein structures is carried out by combining microcontact printing with physisorption, imines coupling, and thiol-ene click chemistry. The work first sets up these patterning methods and discusses and compares the main aspects involved in them (structure, biolayer thickness, functionality, stability).

Instability in Housing and Medical Care Access: The Inequitable Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Transgender Populations.

Purpose: To assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has inequitably impacted key social determinants of health (SDoH), specifically employment, housing, and health care, for U.S. transgender populations.

[Neurophysiological studies in neurodevelopmental disorders: event related potentials].

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose diagnosis is clinical and with great variability in clinical presentation. The possibility of identifying and validating biomarkers in these neurodevelopmental disorders would help not only in their diagnosis, but also when implementing personalized treatments and monitori ng the response to treatment. Neurophysiological examinations such as event related potentials (ERP) are one of the most widely used tools to objectively assess cognitive functions with high temporal resolution and provide information on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, making them a very useful tool to assess cognitive alterations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Economic burden of locoregional and metastatic relapses in resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in Spain.

Background: There are scarce data of the costs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence in Spain. The objective of this study is to assess the economic burden of disease recurrence, for both locoregional and/or metastatic relapses, after appropriate early-stage NSCLC treatment in Spain.

Materials And Methods: A two-round consensus panel of Spanish oncologists and hospital pharmacists was conducted to collect information on patient's flow, treatments, use of healthcare resources and sick leaves in patients with relapsed NSCLC.

DNA sequencing in the classroom: complete genome sequence of two earwig (Dermaptera; Insecta) species.

Background: Despite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project.

Understanding perceived addiction to and addictiveness of electronic cigarettes among electronic cigarette users: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) England Survey.

Background And Aims: The addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) remains to be fully understood. We identified patterns and correlates of perceived addiction to e-cigarettes and perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes (relative addictiveness) in dual users as well as exclusive e-cigarette users.

Design, Setting And Participants: Observational study using cross-sectional survey data from England (2016) from the International Tobacco Control Project (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) survey.

HUMANISE: Human-Inspired Smart Management, towards a Healthy and Safe Industrial Collaborative Robotics.

The workplace is evolving towards scenarios where humans are acquiring a more active and dynamic role alongside increasingly intelligent machines. Moreover, the active population is ageing and consequently emerging risks could appear due to health disorders of workers, which requires intelligent intervention both for production management and workers' support. In this sense, the innovative and smart systems oriented towards monitoring and regulating workers' well-being will become essential.

Inputs of seabird guano alter microbial growth, community composition and the phytoplankton-bacterial interactions in a coastal system.

Seabird guano enters coastal waters providing bioavailable substrates for microbial plankton, but their role in marine ecosystem functioning remains poorly understood. Two concentrations of the water soluble fraction (WSF) of gull guano were added to different natural microbial communities collected in surface waters from the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) in spring, summer, and winter. Samples were incubated with or without antibiotics (to block bacterial activity) to test whether gull guano stimulated phytoplankton and bacterial growth, caused changes in taxonomic composition, and altered phytoplankton-bacteria interactions.

Differential expression of nuclear hormone receptors by dendritic cell subsets in human vaginal mucosa and skin.

Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) expressed by dendritic cells (DCs), the major immune inducers and regulators, could play important roles in host immunity. Assessment of NHRs expressed by DCs in the vaginal mucosa (VM), in comparison with those expressed by DCs in other tissues, will thus help us understand the immunology of human vagina. This study identified 16 NHR transcripts that are differentially expressed among 8 different antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets isolated from human VM, skin, and blood.

Are microplastics contributing to pollution-induced neurotoxicity? A pilot study with wild fish in a real scenario.

Pollution-induced neurotoxicity is of high concern. This pilot study investigated the potential relationship between the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the brain of 180 wild fish (, ) from a contaminated estuary and the activity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. MPs were found in 9 samples (5% of the total), all of them from collected in the summer, which represents 45% of the samples of this species collected in that season (20).

Post-operative dysnatremia is associated with adverse early outcomes after surgery for congenital heart disease.

Background: Dysnatremia is a common disorder in critically ill surgical children. The study's aim is to determine the prevalence of dysnatremia and its association with outcomes after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of children <18 years of age undergoing surgery for CHD between January 2012 and December 2014.

Cats just want to have fun: Associations between play and welfare in domestic cats.

Play is often considered an indicator and promotor of animal welfare and may facilitate closer cat-human relationships. However, few studies have empirically investigated these associations. The current study aimed to investigate play-related factors associated with four welfare outcome measures in cats () including: cat quality of life; cat-guardian relationship quality; problem behaviour prevalence; and behavioural changes.

Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

Introduction: This study aims to address the existing gap in the literature, while adding evidence, by comparing tobacco-specific biomarkers (cotinine and nitrosamines: NNK, NNAL, NNN), and other biomarkers of e-cigarette use (humectants: glycerol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD) according to five study groups.

Methods: A pooling analysis including two different studies was conducted. In both analyses, we took saliva samples from smokers (n = 409) and non-smokers (n = 154), dual tobacco and e-cig users (n = 92), exclusive e-cig user with nicotine (n = 158), and exclusive e-cig users without nicotine (n = 38).

Design and In Situ Validation of Low-Cost and Easy to Apply Anti-Biofouling Techniques for Oceanographic Continuous Monitoring with Optical Instruments.

Biofouling is the major factor that limits long-term monitoring studies with automated optical instruments. Protection of the sensing areas, surfaces, and structural housing of the sensors must be considered to deliver reliable data without the need for cleaning or maintenance. In this work, we present the design and field validation of different techniques for biofouling protection based on different housing materials, biocides, and transparent coatings.

Variation in Nicotine Metabolization According to Biological Factors and Type of Nicotine Consumer.

This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers.

Systematic review of outbreaks of COVID-19 within households in the European region when the child is the index case.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify the secondary attack rates (SAR) to adults and other children when children are the index cases within household settings.

Methods: This literature review assessed European-based studies published in Medline and Embase between January 2020 and January 2022 that assessed the secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within household settings. The inclusion criteria were based on the Population, Exposure, Outcome framework for systematic reviews.

Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges.

Current cortical visual prosthesis approaches are primarily unidirectional and do not consider the feed-back circuits that exist in just about every part of the nervous system. Herein, we provide a brief overview of some recent developments for better controlling brain stimulation and present preliminary human data indicating that closed-loop strategies could considerably enhance the effectiveness, safety, and long-term stability of visual cortex stimulation. We propose that the development of improved closed-loop strategies may help to enhance our capacity to communicate with the brain.

Measurement of airborne nicotine, as a marker of secondhand smoke exposure, in homes with residents who smoke in 9 European countries.

Objective: Smoke-free policies are effective in preventing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, but their adoption at home remains largely voluntary. This study aimed to quantify SHS exposure in homes with residents who smoke in Europe according to households' characteristics, tobacco consumption habits, and national contextual factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional study (March 2017-September 2018) based on measurements of air nicotine inside 162 homes with residents who smoke from nine European countries.