Effects of 12 Weeks of Daily Melatonin Administration on Inflammatory Markers and Adipose Tissue Mass of Rats under Hypoestrogenism.

: The hormonal state of hypoestrogenism is associated with the accumulation of white adipose tissue, which can induce an increase in pro-inflammatory markers, leading to progressive health complications. Melatonin can act on adipose tissue mass, promoting its reduction and influencing inflammation, reducing IL-6 and releasing IL-10, pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, respectively. However, the role of melatonin regarding such parameters under the context of hypoestrogenism remains unknown.

[6]-Shogaol Induces Apoptosis of Murine Bladder Cancer Cells.

Background/aims: Bladder cancer is considered one of the most aggressive neoplasms due to its recurrence and progression profile, and even with the improvement in diagnosis and treatment methods, the mortality rate has not shown a declining trend in recent decades. From this perspective, the search and development of more effective and safer therapeutic alternatives are necessary. Phytochemicals are excellent sources of active principles with therapeutic potential.

Systemic and local inflammatory response after implantation of biomaterial in critical bone injuries.

Purpose: To evaluate inflammatory response in critical bone injuries after implantation of the biomaterial composed of hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA)/BLEED.

Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats (280 ± 20 grams) were divided into two groups: control group (CG), in which the animals do not receive any type of treatment; and biomaterial group (BG), in which the animals received the HA/PLGA/BLEED scaffold. Critical bone injury was induced in the medial region of the skull calotte with the aid of a trephine drill 8 mm in diameter.

Immunogenicity and Protection by DnaK and SpaA Recombinant Proteins Against in a Murine Model.

Background/aims: Swine erysipelas is a disease caused by , a Gram-positive bacillus, which has great economic importance because it leads to the loss of the swine herd. To control this disease, animals are immunized with a cellular vaccine of killed or attenuated , but even with herd vaccination, cases of swine erysipelas outbreaks have been reported in the United States, China and Japan, leading to the search for other antigenic components of the bacteria that may promote greater protection against . The surface protein SpaA from has been shown to be a candidate to constitute a subunit vaccine, since it has already been reported to induce a host immune response against the bacterium.

Carbon Black CB-EDA Nanoparticles in Macrophages: Changes in the Oxidative Stress Pathway and in Apoptosis Signaling.

The influence of black carbon nanoparticles on J774.A1 murine cells was investigated with the objective of exploring the cytotoxicity of black carbon functionalized with ethylenediamine CB-EDA. The results showed that CB-EDA has a cytotoxic profile for J774.

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO NP) Induces Toxic Effects on LA-9 Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line.

Background/aims: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are extensively applied in the industry due to their photocatalytic potential, low cost, and considerably low toxicity. However, new unrelated physicochemical properties and the wide use of nanoparticles brought concern about their toxic effects. Thereby, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of a TiO NP composed of anatase and functionalized with sodium carboxylate ligands in a murine fibroblast cell line (LA-9).

Effects of Immunization with Recombinant Enzymes AK and HGPRT: Murine Infection Control.

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important human helminthiases worldwide. Praziquantel is the current treatment, and no vaccine is available until the present. Thus, the presented study aimed to evaluate the immunization effects with recombinant enzymes: Adenosine Kinase (AK) and Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), as well as a MIX of the two enzymes.

Schiff bases complexed with iron and their relation with the life cycle and infection by .

Introduction: The trematode causes schistosomiasis, and this parasite's life cycle depends on the mollusk The most effective treatment for infected people is administering a single dose of Praziquantel. However, there are naturally resistant to treatment. This work has developed, considering this parasite's complex life cycle.

Schistosomiasis mansoni and hydrographical conditions in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: In Brazil, schistosomiasis mansoni cases still occur, even in non-endemic areas. This study aimed to evaluate schistosomiasis mansoni cases and to delimit water collections investigated for infested planorbidae in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study and spatial analysis of schistosomiasis mansoni cases notified in the city from January 2005 to December 2017 was conducted.

Profile of IL-6 and TNF in Foam Cell Formation: An Improved Method Using Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Probe.

Background: The formation of foam cells occurs due to the increase in low-density plasma lipoprotein (LDL) and dysregulation of inflammation, which is important for the development of atherosclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the profile of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the existing foam cell formation method, optimizing this protocol.

Methods: The LDL was isolated, oxidized, and labeled with a Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe.

Efficacy of instillation of MB49 cells and thermoreversible polymeric gel in urothelial bladder carcinoma immunization.

Background: Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit has long been a goal in immunology, especially in cancer treatment, but the low immunogenicity of antitumor vaccines remains a limiting factor in the fight against malignant neoplasms. The increase in the immunogenicity of weak antigens using biodegradable polymers, such as chitosan, has been observed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the effects of the vaccine using a combination of tumor cells and a thermoreversible delivery system based on chitosan in bladder cancer models, mainly using the intravesical route to stimulate the antitumor immune response, are unknown.

Elevations in Liver Transaminases in COVID-19: (How) Are They Related?

Liver involvement in COVID-19 is not yet well-understood, but elevations in liver transaminases have been described to occur in 14-53% of the cases and are more frequently seen in severe disease. This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between the elevations in liver transaminases and inflammatory parameters in 209 adults with COVID-19. Demographic and clinical data, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and liver aminotransferases were analyzed.

Comparison of two different biomaterials in the bone regeneration (15, 30 and 60 days) of critical defects in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare two types of different scaffolds in critical bone defects in rats.

Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats (280 ± 20 grams) divided into three groups: control group (CG), untreated animals; biomaterial group 1 (BG1), animals that received the scaffold implanted hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA); and biomaterial group 2 (BG2), animals that received the scaffolds HA/PLGA/Bleed. The critical bone defect was induced in the medial region of the skull calotte with the aid of an 8-mm-diameter trephine drill.

IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with disease severity and higher comorbidity in adults with COVID-19.

Aim: COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive burden on public life and health care worldwide. This study aimed to assess circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines in adult patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and stratified according to age (older or younger than 65 years) aiming to explore associations between these markers of inflammation and comorbidities.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 142 COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos, from July to October 2020.

High-Intensity Interval Training Does Not Change Vaspin and Omentin and Does Not Reduce Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obese Rats.

This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks.

Discovery of a Novel Lineage ST 1870 Endophytically Isolated from Medicinal Which Shows Potent Antileishmanial and Antimicrobial Effects.

In this study, we report the isolation and identification of an endophytic strain of (COPS strain) associated with roots. plants are rich sources of promising microbiomes, of which the literature reports several pharmacological effects, such as trypanocidal, antinociceptive, anesthetic, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsant activities. COPS belongs to a new sequence type (ST 1870) and harbors a genome estimated in 8.

Investigating Immunization With Nucleotide Enzymes of : Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase and Adenylosuccinate Lyase as New Antigenic Targets Against Schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis, caused by trematode worm, affects more than 1.5 million people in Brazil. The current treatment consists in the administration of Praziquantel, the only medicine used for treatment for more than 40 years.

Modulator Effect of Total Extract from the Endophytic RNC-D in and Macrophages.

Leishmaniases are diseases with high epidemiological relevance and wide geographical distribution. In Brazil, is related to the tegumentary form of leishmaniasis. The treatment for those diseases is problematic as the available drugs promote adverse effects in patients.

Biphasic Dose/Response of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Culture of Human Fibroblasts.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of different fluences and energies of laser in the 24-, 48-, and 72-h periods in fibroblasts originating from human skin (HFF-1). The cell used as a template for cell proliferation was HFF-1. For the photobiomodulation (PBM) application, a 660 nm laser with a power of 40 mW and energies of 0.

Exercise and Omentin: Their Role in the Crosstalk Between Muscle and Adipose Tissues in Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models.

This study aims to analyze the effects of resisted, aerobic, and combined exercises on omentin levels in visceral adipose tissue and muscle of rats with experimental diabetes to verify whether these adipokines are related to the glucose pathway and inflammation process in this model. Male Wistar rats received a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) to induce experimental diabetes. After inducing diabetes, the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups ( = 10): diabetic control (C); resistance training (RT); aerobic training (AT); and combined training (CT).

Robust Phenotypic Activation of Eosinophils during Experimental Infection.

Eosinophils are multifunctional cells that have cytotoxic proinflammatory activities and stimulate CD4 T-cells in experimental models of allergy and parasitic infections. Eosinophils, when exposed to antigens, are activated, expressing the CD38/CD69 molecules and exhibited increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), CD80 and CD86, suggesting they play a role upon antigen stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated the profile of eosinophils using conventional and image flow cytometry upon experimental infection.

Experimental type 2 diabetes induction reduces serum vaspin, but not serum omentin, in Wistar rats.

Vaspin and omentin are adipose tissue adipokines that have often been related to obesity and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of serum omentin and vaspin in models of type 2 diabetes. To do this, Wistar rats (~200 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a non-diabetic group (n = 6) and a diabetic group fed on a high-fat diet (n = 6) and a low dose of streptozotocin (Sigma ).

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Menthol and Menthone in Schistosoma mansoni Infection.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of trematode worms and it is believed that more than 261 million people are affected worldwide. New drug development has become essential because there is a risk of the parasite becoming resistant to Praziquantel, the only drug available for this infection. This study evaluated parasitological, immunological and histological parameters in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated with an herbal commercial medicine.

Morphological Characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni PZQ-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains Are Different in Presence of Praziquantel.

Schistosomiasis is one of the most common human parasitic diseases whose socioeconomic impact is only surpassed by malaria. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug commercially available for the treatment of all schistosome species causing disease in humans. However, there has been stronger evidences of PZQ-resistance on Schistosoma mansoni and thus it is very important to study the phenotypic characteristics associated with it.

Toxocara canis and the allergic process.

The protective effect of infectious agents against allergic reactions has been thoroughly investigated. Current studies have demonstrated the ability of some helminths to modulate the immune response of infected hosts. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Toxocara canis infection and the development of an allergic response in mice immunised with ovalbumin (OVA).