Objective: Although bipolar disorder is a major contributor to functional impairment worldwide, an independent impact of bipolar disorder and ageing on functioning has yet to be demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bipolar disorder on age-related functional status using matched controls as a standard.
Method: One-hundred patients with bipolar disorder and matched controls were evaluated for disability.
Objectives: As the use of functioning outcomes is increasingly being advocated in multinational clinical trials and comparative studies, making available instruments with known validity and reliability in several languages is required. Here we present data on the Portuguese validation of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), which was explicitly designed to gauge functioning dimensions empirically linked to bipolar disorder.
Methods: One hundred patients with bipolar disorder and matched controls were assessed with the FAST, which was evaluated regarding discriminant, content and construct validity, concurrent validity with functioning instruments, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Background: Cognitive impairment has been well documented in bipolar disorder. However, specific aspects of cognition such as emotional memory have not been examined.
Aims: To investigate episodic emotional memory in bipolar disorder, as indicated by performance on an amygdala-related cognitive task.
Accumulating evidence suggest that neural changes and cognitive impairment may accompany the course of bipolar disorder. Such detrimental effects of cumulative mood episodes may be related to changes in neurotrophins that take place during mood episodes but not during euthymic phases. The present study investigated serum neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels in patients with bipolar disorder during manic, depressed, and euthymic states, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich-ELISA).
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