Innate-immune cell distribution in pediatric HIV patients and uninfected controls.

Innate immune cells are important players during an infection. The frequency of monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), natural killer (NK), and NKT cells were assessed in blood samples of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) and HIV-uninfected (HU) children. Blood samples from 10 CALHIV (treated or not) and six HU individuals were collected for approximately one year.

Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles as carrier for the enzyme/prodrug complex based on horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid: Characterization and potential therapeutic for bladder cancer cells.

Hybrid nanoparticles composed of different biopolymers for delivery of enzyme/prodrug systems are of interest for cancer therapy. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles (CS/HA NP) were prepared to encapsulate individually an enzyme/pro-drug complex based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). CS/HA NP showed size around 158 nm and increase to 170 and 200 nm after IAA and HRP encapsulation, respectively.

Naturally Acquired Infectious Canine Hepatitis in Two Captive Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) Puppies.

We report the clinicopathological manifestations of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV 1) infection in captive-born naturally infected maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two 3-month-old maned wolves presented with lethargy, emesis, dehydration, pallor, hypothermia, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. One of the puppies died shortly after admission, with gross changes that included marked gastrointestinal petechiae, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and pulmonary haemorrhage.

Chitosan and chitosan/PEG nanoparticles loaded with indole-3-carbinol: Characterization, computational study and potential effect on human bladder cancer cells.

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a plant molecule known to be active against several types of cancer, but some chemical characteristics limit its clinical applications. In order to overcome these limitations, polymeric nanoparticles can be used as carrier systems for targeted delivery of I3C. In this study, chitosan and chitosan/polyethylene glycol nanoparticles (CS NP and CS/PEG NP, respectively) were prepared to encapsulate I3C by ionic gelation method.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Plasmodium Infection in Captive Black and White Tegus.

Malarial protozoa commonly infect both wild and captive lizards but the effects on the general health of these animals are not fully understood. We describe four clinical cases of Plasmodium infection in captive black and white tegus (Salvator merianae). The animals presented with lethargy, anorexia, dehydration and stomatitis.

Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) for Nurses in Brazil.

Objective:: this study aimed to carry of the cultural adaptation and to evaluate the reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) for nurses in Brazil.

Method:: the adaptation process entailed translation, consensus among judges, back-translation, semantic validation and pretest. The reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and stability (test-retest).

Factors associated with occupational exposure to biological material among nursing professionals.

Objective:: to identify factors associated with occupational exposure to biological material among nursing professionals.

Method:: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a high complexity hospital of a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Nursing professionals were interviewed from March to November 2015.

Investigating Compliance with Standard Precautions During Residency Physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Objectives: Physician compliance with standard precautions is important in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics because of the high frequency of invasive procedures. The current study investigated compliance with standard precautions among resident physicians working in gynecology and obstetrics.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among resident physicians in gynecology and obstetrics in their first (R1), second (R2) and third (R3) years of residency at a teaching hospital in a city in São Paulo.

Nasal colonization in nursing professionals from units specialized in HIV/AIDS.

Objective: to investigate the presence of microorganisms in the nostrils of the nursing professionals of a Brazilian teaching hospital.

Method: cross-sectional study in two inpatient units specialized in HIV/AIDS. Nasal secretion samples of nursing professionals were collected in one month.

[Clinical treatment adherence of health care workers and students exposed to potentially infectious biological material].

Objective: To assess adherence to clinical appointments by health care workers (HCW) and students who suffered accidents with potentially infectious biological material.

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study that assessed clinical records of accidents involving biological material between 2005 and 2010 in a specialized unit.

Results: A total of 461 individuals exposed to biological material were treated, of which 389 (84.

Difference in compliance with Standard Precautions by nursing staff in Brazil versus Hong Kong.

The Standard Precautions (SP) are measures to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens, and should be used by health professionals in the care of all patients regardless of their condition of infection. However, suboptimal compliance with SP has been consistently reported in the nursing literature. This study evaluated the differences of compliance with SP among nurses from Brazil and Hong Kong.

[Adherence to standard precautions of nurses working in intensive care at a university hospital].

This study evaluated individual factors relating to work and the organization, related to adherence to standard precautions for nurses working in intensive care. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a large hospital with 178 professionals. For data collection, Likert-type psychometric scales were used.

Angiografic and pressoric changes determined by splenectomy with left gastric vein ligature in mansoni schistosomiasis.

Background: In hepatosplenic schistosomiasis occurs diffuse hepatic fibrosis associated with venous congestion of the portal system resulting in hepatosplenomegaly. It can produce digestive hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal and stomach varices or peptic gastroduodenal mucosal lesions.

Aim: To study the effects of splenectomy and ligature of the left gastric vein on portohepatic hemodynamics.

Nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in individuals with HIV/ AIDS attended in a Brazilian teaching hospital.

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in individuals with HIV/AIDS under inpatient treatment in a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo (Brazil).

Method: a cross-sectional study undertaken in two units specialized in attending people living with HIV/AIDS, in the period August 2011 - July 2012. Socio-demographic and clinical data was collected through individual interviews and from the medical records; samples of nasal secretion were collected with Stuart swabs on the first day of inpatient treatment.

Novel extraction induced by emulsion breaking as a tool for the determination of trace concentrations of Cu, Mn and Ni in biodiesel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

This work proposes a novel method for the determination of trace concentrations of Cu, Mn and Ni in biodiesel samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. In order to overcome problems related to the organic matrix in the direct introduction of the samples, a new extraction approach was investigated. The method was based on the extraction induced by emulsion breaking, in which metals were transferred from the biodiesel to an acid aqueous phase after formation and breaking of a water-in-oil emulsion prepared by mixing the biodiesel sample with an aqueous solution containing surfactant and nitric acid.

[Quality of life in women with HIV/AIDS in a municipality in the state of São Paulo].

High potency antiretroviral therapy brings benefits to people with HIV/AIDS, related to survival, chronicity and quality of life. The objective of this quantitative and cross-sectional study was to assess the quality of life of women with HIV/AIDS, using the WHOQOL--HIV bref and its association with sociodemographic variables. The study was performed in outpatient clinics specialized in care to HIV/AIDS patients.

Influence of leishmanolysin-like molecules of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai on the interaction with macrophages.

Monoxenous trypanosomatids usually have an invertebrate as the only host in their life cycles, however, they have been found repeatedly in plants and/or mammals. To succeed in colonizing a vertebrate host, the parasite must quickly adapt to drastic changes in the environment (e.g.

Leishmanolysin-like molecules in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai mediate hydrolysis of protein substrates and interaction with insect.

Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, an insect trypanosomatid, produces a 63-kDa metallopeptidase that has similar biochemical/immunological properties to Leishmania leishmanolysin, a virulence factor that participates in different stages of the parasite life cycle. Herein, we described some biochemical characteristics of the major surface metallopeptidase of H. samuelpessoai that led us to infer some probable functions for this peptidase during the parasite-invertebrate interaction.

Lapachol induces clastogenic effects in rats.

Lapachol is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone derivative found in the heartwood of several plants, particularly those of the genus Tabebuia (Bignoneaceae). Despite its use as a therapeutic product with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipsoriatic, trypanocidal effects, among others, its in vivo mutagenic potential has still not been investigated. This paper reports the effects after a single oral administration of lapachol in the in vivo micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays.

Sialoglycoconjugates in Herpetomonas megaseliae: role in the adhesion to insect host epithelial cells.

Herpetomonas megaseliae is a monoxenic trypanosomatid isolated from the phorid fly Megaselia scalaris. In the present report, the expression of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates in this parasite was analyzed by Western blotting, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses using lectins that specifically recognize sialic acid residues. A strong reaction was detected when parasites were treated with Limax flavus, Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra lectins.

Cysteine peptidases in the tomato trypanosomatid Phytomonas serpens: influence of growth conditions, similarities with cruzipain and secretion to the extracellular environment.

We have characterized the cysteine peptidase production by Phytomonas serpens, a tomato trypanosomatid. The parasites were cultivated in four distinct media, since growth conditions could modulate the synthesis of bioactive molecules. The proteolytic profile has not changed qualitatively regardless the media, showing two peptidases of 38 and 40kDa; however, few quantitative changes were observed including a drastic reduction (around 70%) on the 40 and 38kDa peptidase activities when parasites were grown in yeast extract and liver infusion trypticase medium, respectively, in comparison with parasites cultured in Warren medium.

Phytomonas serpens: cysteine peptidase inhibitors interfere with growth, ultrastructure and host adhesion.

In this study, we report the ultrastructural and growth alterations caused by cysteine peptidase inhibitors on the plant trypanosomatid Phytomonas serpens. We showed that the cysteine peptidase inhibitors at 10 microM were able to arrest cellular growth as well as promote alterations in the cell morphology, including the parasites becoming short and round. Additionally, iodoacetamide induced ultrastructural alterations, such as disintegration of cytoplasmic organelles, swelling of the nucleus and kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, which culminated in parasite death.

Influence of temperature and ontogeny on the levels of glucosinolates in broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. italica) sprouts and their effect on the induction of mammalian phase 2 enzymes.

Broccoli inflorescences have been recognized as components of healthy diets on the basis of their high content of fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids, and glucosinolates/isothiocyanates. Broccoli sprouts have been recently shown to have high levels of glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate), the precursor of the chemoprotective isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. This study evaluated the effects of temperature and developmental stage on the glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts.