Chronic Pain Self-Management Strategies for Older Adults: An Integrative Review.

Introduction: Due to the complex nature of chronic pain, especially in older adults, a biopsychosocial approach is more effective than an isolated approach for its management. Furthermore, when patients are actively engaged in their pain management, they are more likely to be successful than relying totally on others.

Objective: To analyze the self-management strategies currently used by older adults with chronic pain.

A near real-time economic activity tracker for the Brazilian economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers needed to assess the impact of large monetary and fiscal policy interventions in as close to real time as possible-yet existing survey-based indicators are usually released monthly or quarterly. The use of high-frequency data to track economic activity has become widespread. This paper constructs a near real-time economic activity indicator for the Brazilian economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of sulforaphane on brain mitochondria: mechanistic view and future directions.

The organosulfur compound sulforaphane (SFN; CHNOS) is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiglycative, and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to the work of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. They are also the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nucleated human cells.

Resveratrol and Brain Mitochondria: a Review.

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene; CHO) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, berries, peanuts, and wines. Resveratrol has been viewed as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anticancer agent. Moreover, it has been reported that resveratrol modulates mitochondrial function, redox biology, and dynamics in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Curcumin, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy: Exploring recent data and indicating future needs.

Mitochondria are dynamic double-membrane bound organelles which have key roles in a variety of cellular functions such as energy producing, regulation of calcium flux, cellular stress responses including autophagy and apoptosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is the main culprit in a myriad of diseases such as neurodegenerative disease. This fact opens a new therapeutic window based on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for treatment of these diseases.

Cocaine and mitochondria-related signaling in the brain: A mechanistic view and future directions.

Cocaine is extensively used as a psychostimulant among subjects at different ages worldwide. Cocaine causes neuronal dysfunction and, consequently, negatively affects human behavior and decreases life quality severely. Cocaine acts through diverse mechanisms, including mitochondrial impairment and activation of cell signaling pathways associated to stress response.

Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus increases matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages: modulation by A2A and A2B adenosine receptors.

Peptidoglycan (PEG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are the main constituents of Gram-positive bacteria cell wall and are described to modulate immune functions. Increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were described in endotoxemia, suggesting that they participate to tecidual damage, multiple organs failure and vascular disfunction. Staphylococcus aureus PEG is described to increase MMPs 2 and 9 levels in plasma from rat and MMP 9 secretion by human neutrophils, however, the effect of LTA on MMPs is unknown.

High glucose increases RAW 264.7 macrophages activation by lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and accelerated atherosclerosis, which has been associated to hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation. Activated macrophages are described to participate in atherosclerosis due to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory mediators production. Bacterial infections are described to accelerate atherosclerosis, moreover, gram-positive and negative bacterial DNA was described in atherosclerotic plaques.

Activity and expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 are increased during phenotype conversion of a hepatic stellate cell line.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis and are important targets in liver disease therapy. Adenosine acts as an extracellular signaling molecule in various tissues and in liver this nucleoside exerts protective effects. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 is a marker for the plasma membrane and is considered to be a key enzyme in the generation of adenosine in the extracellular medium, by transforming AMP into adenosine.

[Pleuroamniotic shunting--case report].

Fetal hydrothorax refers to a collection of fluid within the fetal thorax that may be the result of chylous leak from the thoracic duct (primary hydrothorax) or generalized fluid retention associated with immune or no immune fetal hydrops (secondary hydrothorax). The authors' presents a case report occurred in 2002, of a pregnant woman that at 25 weeks' gestation that was referred to Maternidade Bissaya-Barreto-Coimbra because of a fetal hydrothorax at left, under tension and with cardiac decompensation signs. A fetal thoracocentesis was performed and the diagnosis was chylothorax.

Extracellular inosine participates in tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced nitric oxide production in cultured Sertoli cells.

Recent reports have described purinergic modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) signaling in neutrophils and astrocytes. In Sertoli cells, both TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 TNF-alpha receptors are present and this cytokine modulates many functions of these cells related to the maintenance of spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells express distinct purinoreceptors and previous work has shown that these cells secrete extracellular nucleotides and their metabolites.

Extracellular inosine modulates ERK 1/2 and p38 phosphorylation in cultured Sertoli cells: possible participation in TNF-alpha modulation of ERK 1/2.

Extracellular ATP and adenosine modulation of MAPKs is well described in different cells types, but few studies have addressed the effects of extracellular inosine on these kinases. Previous results showed that hydrogen peroxide and TNF-alpha increase extracellular inosine concentration in cultured Sertoli cells and this nucleoside protects Sertoli cells against hydrogen peroxide induced damage and participates in TNF-alpha induced nitric oxide production. In view of the fact that MAPKs are key mediators of the cellular response to a large variety of stimuli, we investigated the effect of extracellular inosine on the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPKs in cultured Sertoli cells.

Extracellular inosine is modulated by H2O2 and protects sertoli cells against lipoperoxidation and cellular injury.

Extracellular purines are involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including cytoprotection, ischemic preconditioning, and cell death. These actions are usually mediated via triggering of membrane purinergic receptors, which may activate antioxidant enzymes, conferring cytoprotection. Recently, it was demonstrated that the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin up-regulated A1 receptor expression in rat testes, suggesting an involvement of purinergic signaling in the response of testicular cells to oxidant injury.