The role of transforming growth factor β in cervical carcinogenesis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in virtually all cases of cervical cancer. However, HPV alone is not sufficient to cause malignant development. The effects of chronic inflammation and the interaction of immune components with the microenvironment infected with the high-risk HPV type (HR) may contribute to cancer development.

Non-coding RNAs as modulators of radioresponse in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by high invasiveness, is associated with poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Despite the development of effective therapeutic targets for TNBC, systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RdT) remain prevalent treatment modalities. One notable challenge of RdT is the acquisition of radioresistance, which poses a significant obstacle in achieving optimal treatment response.

Extracellular vesicles-associated miRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer: from tumor biology to clinical relevance.

Breast cancer (BC), a heterogeneous group of diseases, is the most frequent type and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Tumor heterogeneity directly impacts cancer progression and treatment, as evidenced by the patients´ diverse prognosis and treatment responses across the distinct molecular subtypes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 10-20% of all diagnosed BC cases, is an aggressive BC subtype with a challenging prognosis.

Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells.

Calcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics in the Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Drug Delivery Composites and Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents.

The use of biomaterials in medicine is not recent, and in the last few decades, the research and development of biocompatible materials had emerged. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a calcium phosphate that constitutes a large part of the inorganic composition of human bones and teeth, has been used as an interesting bioceramic material. Among its applications, HAp has been used to carry antitumor drugs, such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and gemcitabine.

Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA networks in HPV16- and HPV18-mediated cervical cancers reveals XIST as a pivotal competing endogenous RNA.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, being closely related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs). After a particular HR-HPV infects a cervical cell, transcriptional changes in the host cell are expected, including the regulation of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Such transcripts may work independently or integrated in complex molecular networks - as in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks.

Genetic Variants Do Not Impact Circulating and Cervical Interleukin-10 Levels in Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women.

Regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage plays a central role in inflammation and autoimmunity control. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been described as a pleiotropic cytokine that is mainly released by CD4 CD25 FOXP3 Treg cells and has a potent immunosuppressive activity. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor expression is crucial for Treg to function as a suppressor cell, and gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have already been shown to influence on viral pathogenesis.

Interaction of Long Noncoding RNAs and Notch Signaling: Implications for Tissue Homeostasis Loss.

The Notch signaling is a crucial pathway involved in cellular development, progression, and differentiation. Deregulation of Notch signaling pathway commonly impacts tissue homeostasis, being highly associated with proliferative disorders. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins, were already described as Notch signaling pathway-interacting molecules.

From squamous intraepithelial lesions to cervical cancer: Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis.

Despite the essential role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis, other factors are required for cancer establishment, like miRNAs. Such molecules present a complex biogenesis, being diversely distributed across tissues and biological fluids, as cell-free miRNAs or miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles (EV). After HPV infection, an interplay between HPV and the miRNA network occurs in cervical cells.

Polymorphisms in the TGFB1 signal peptide influence human papillomavirus infection and development of cervical lesions.

The main purpose was to assess the effect of c.29C>T and c.74G>C polymorphisms in the TGFB1 signal peptide on HPV infection and development of cervical lesions.

IL-10 gene polymorphism c.-592C>A increases HPV infection susceptibility and influences IL-10 levels in HPV infected women.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) influences HPV infection and viral persistence, favoring cervical immunosuppression and cervical carcinogenesis. IL-10 levels may be influenced by HPV itself and by IL-10 polymorphisms, including rs1800872 (c.-592C>A).

The role of interleukin 10 in human papilloma virus infection and progression to cervical carcinoma.

Although Human Papillomavirus (HPV) exerts a vital influence on cervical carcinogenesis, other factors influence the development of a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) that may or not progress to cervical cancer. Among several cytokines, Interleukin 10 (IL-10) stands out as an important anti-inflammatory factor, leading to immune system evasion through an immunosuppressive state. In the cervical microenvironment, during different stages of HPV infection, IL-10 production can be induced and maintained by different cell sources, including infected keratinocytes, some subsets of dendritic cells (DC), tumor associated macrophages (TAM), T regulatory cells (Treg) and tumor cells.