AP-1-dependent fibrosis: Exploring its potential role in the pathogenesis of placental transmogrification of the lung (PTL) via tissue-level transcriptome analysis.

Placental transmogrification of the lung (PTL) is a rare pulmonary condition characterized by the presence of immature placental villous structures. The etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain largely unknown. This functional study aimed to identify the molecular signatures in the pathogenesis of PTL via comprehensive transcriptome analysis.

Obliteration of the Processus Vaginalis After Testicular Descent.

The testis develops in the abdominal cavity and descends into the scrotum. Although numerous theories have been proposed, the mechanism of descent and the reason for its inhibition remain unknown. Furthermore, none of the explanations account for the other occurrences related to the descent, such as failed obliteration of the processus vaginalis, or the reasons for the decrease in fertility and increase in the risk of malignancy associated with an undescended testis.

The miRNA-24, miRNA-21 expressions and matrix metalloproteinase-7 level in exhaled breath condensate of children with primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Bullous lung diseases may cause primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in children. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that participate in regulation of inflammation and cancer. We hypothesized that children with bullous lung disease and PSP may have altered miRNA expressions in their exhaled breath condensates (EBCs).

Evaluation of the predictability of clinical and radiological findings in the diagnosis of malrotation.

Background: To evaluate the predictability of clinical and radiological findings in the diagnosis of malrotation.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2020, children with presumptive diagnosis of malrotation were included. The demographic features, clinical and radiological findings, operative findings and outcome were recorded.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Polyps in Children.

Background: Gallbladder polyps are rare lesions protruding into the gallbladder lumen with variable clinical presentation. No standard treatment algorithm has been developed for pediatric gallbladders, and the malignant potential of the gallbladder is not clear in children. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment options of gallbladder polyps in children.

The cause of dysphagia in patients with esophageal atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Dysphagia is the most common symptom in patients with esophageal atresia (EA) of all ages. There is no study addressing the direct relation between dysphagia and surgical results. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to define the relationship between surgical complications and dysphagia in patients with EA.

Early postoperative complications in pediatric abdominal solid tumor surgery according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

Purpose: Postoperative period after abdominal solid tumor surgery is critical regarding complications. This study aimed to detect incidence and treatment of complications.

Methods: Single center retrospective study including years 2010-2019 for early postoperative complications were documented and graded according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

The Role of Oral Feeding Time and Sham Feeding on Oropharyngeal Swallowing Functions in Children with Esophageal Atresia.

A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the role of oral feeding (OF) time and sham feeding (SF) on oral-pharyngeal swallowing functions in children with esophageal atresia (EA). Patients with EA were evaluated for age, sex, and types of atresia, time to start OF and surgical complications. Three to six weeks after full OF, videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation (VFSE) was performed, and Penetration Aspiration Score (PAS, no aspiration = 1, penetration = 2-5, aspiration = 6-8), delay in swallowing reflex and residue after liquid and pudding consistency were noted.

Management of acute abdomen during the active disease course of COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the management of children with severe gastrointestinal symptoms during the disease course of COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).

Methods: After ethical approval, we reviewed the medical records, retrospectively, of children with COVID-19 or MIS-C requiring surgical consultation for severe gastrointestinal symptoms.

Results: The subjects comprised 15 children, 13 with MIS-C and 2 with COVID-19.

Environmental exposure in the etiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the occupational and environmental factors in the etiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS).

Methods: Protocol was drafted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020152460). A search for a combination of terms related to IHPS, fetus and neonates, and environmental exposure was performed for studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the EMBASE, Pubmed, and MEDLINE databases.

An unusual complication of tumor surgery: chylous leakage.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment for chylous leak after tumor surgery and to propose a management algorithm.

Methods: The data of patients with postoperative chylous leak after tumor surgery in our institution between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In this study, 469 laparotomies, 89 thoracotomies, and 57 cervical excisions were performed for tumor surgery in our institution.

Approach to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents: A retrospective clinical study from a tertiary care center.

Aim: Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare tumors in childhood. They are catecholamine secreting tumors and present with signs or symptoms related to their excess. Most common signs and symptoms are hypertension, headache and diaphoresis.

Protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of fetal and infantile environmental exposure in etiopathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is one of the hallmark pediatric surgical diseases. However, its etiology remains incompletely understood. By systematically reviewing the literature, we aim to clarify the effect of the effect of occupational and environmental factors and role of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in the etiopathogenesis of IHPS.

Adrenocortical tumours in children: a review of surgical management at a tertiary care centre.

Background: Adrenocortical tumours (ACT) are rare tumours of childhood usually presenting with endocrine dysfunction. This retrospective study is designed to review our institutional experience in surgical management.

Methods: Records of children treated for ACT between 1999 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.

Challenges in management and prognosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Background/aims: Pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is the most severe form of intestinal dysmotility in children. This study aims to present the cases of PIPO to discuss its diagnosis, management, and prognosis.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of the patients with PIPO between 2010 and 2018.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the management of a 14-year-old girl with chronic calcific pancreatitis.

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is very rare in childhood and causes chronic/relapsing abdominal pain, frequent hospitalizations, malnutrition, growth retardation, and stone formation in the main duct. Although pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic stones (PS) in adults, the use in children is still controversial. An adolescent girl with multiple PS is presented to discuss the use of ESWL as a treatment alternative in children with PS.

The results and outcome of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adolescents.

Aim: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a rare pulmonary pathology that occurs in the absence of known lung disease. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the results and outcome of PSP treatment in adolescents.

Methods: The cases with PSP from January 2004 to December 2017 were evaluated for age, sex, family and smoking history, clinical and radiological findings and results of treatment.

New scoring system to predict foreign body aspiration in children.

Purpose: To propose a new scoring system to predict foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children.

Methods: Children who underwent bronchoscopy for FBA were evaluated for age, sex, history of aspiration, physical examination, radiological findings and results of bronchoscopy retrospectively. A new proposed FBA scoring including statements about history, physical and radiological findings were applied to all patients to define a total score.

Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula After Esophageal Atresia Repair.

Background: Recurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula is a frequent complication after esophageal atresia repair. Acquired tracheoesophageal fistulas are long new fistulas that are localized at sites that are not typical of the congenital tracheoesophageal fistula. We present four cases to discuss the diagnostic and management challenges concerning various acquired tracheoesophageal fistula localizations.

Foreign Body Aspiration in Infants: Role of Self-Feeding.

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious life-threatening condition in childhood. "Baby-led weaning (BLW)" is a popular method in which the babies are encouraged to self-feed to gain oral motor abilities. The role of BLW in FBA is controversial.

Assessment of the Concerns of Caregivers of Children with Repaired Esophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula Related to Feeding-Swallowing Difficulties.

The study aimed to assess concerns of caregivers of children with EA-TEF related to feeding-swallowing difficulties, compare the concerns according to type of atresia and repair time, and investigate its relationship with time to start oral feeding. Caregivers accompanying 64 children with EA-TEF were included. Age, sex, type of atresia, repair time, and time to start oral feeding were noted.

The relationship between oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate and respiratory problems in patients with repaired esophageal atresia.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between respiratory problems and oxidative stress markers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients with esophageal atresia (EA).

Methods: EA cases with respiratory problems were evaluated retrospectively for age, gender, the type of atresia, surgical treatment, outcome and respiratory symptoms. The results of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) treatment including the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and fundoplication were also documented.

The functional chewing training for chewing dysfunction in children with repaired EA-TEF.

Background/purpose: Chewing disorders (CD) may cause restrictions in solid food intake and can be seen in 37% of children with esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF). The Functional Chewing Training (FCT) is a holistic approach to improve chewing function (CF) in children. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of FCT on CF in children with EA-TEF.