Giant cell arteritis associated with scalp, tongue or lip necrosis: A French multicenter case control study.

Background: Scalp, tongue and/or lip necrosis are rare complications of GCA.

Objectives: To describe characteristics and outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) -related scalp, tongue and/or lip necrosis.

Methods: A retrospective nationwide multicenter study included 20 GCA patients with scalp, tongue, and/or lip necrosis diagnosed between 1998 and 2021 and 80 GCA control patients matched for age, sex and management period.