Racial disparities in timing and outcomes for patients undergoing staged single ventricle palliation: a single institution report.

Background: Racial disparities in healthcare have been well documented in the United States. We hypothesise that there will be a racial variance in different clinical variables in single-ventricle patients through stages of palliation.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective single-centre study stratified all single-ventricle patients who reached stage 2 palliation by race: Black and White.

Perceptions of Frailty and Prehabilitation Among Thoracic Surgeons: Findings From a National Survey.

Background: Frailty is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. How thoracic surgeons recognize, measure, and mitigate frailty in their daily clinical practice is unknown. We administered a national survey to determine the current practices of thoracic surgeons managing frail patients.

Assessment of printed lung cancer surgery patient education materials in the United States.

Objective: Well-designed patient education materials (PEMs) increase health literacy, which has been linked to better surgical patient outcomes. The quality of lung cancer surgery PEMs is unknown, however. Here we assessed printed lung cancer surgery PEMs for readability, understandability, actionability, and accessibility.

Differences in gene expression between high and low tolerance rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute thermal stress.

Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the adaptive response of ectotherms to rising temperatures is key to mitigate the effects of climate change. We assessed the molecular and physiological processes that differentiate between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with high and low tolerance to acute thermal stress. To achieve our goal, we used a critical thermal maximum trial in two strains of rainbow trout to elicit loss of equilibrium responses to identify high and low tolerance fish.

Complex and Dynamic Gene-by-Age and Gene-by-Environment Interactions Underlie Functional Morphological Variation in Adaptive Divergence in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

The evolution of adaptive phenotypic divergence requires heritable genetic variation. However, it is underappreciated that trait heritability is molded by developmental processes interacting with the environment. We hypothesized that the genetic architecture of divergent functional traits was dependent on age and foraging environment.

Long-Term Carotid Plaque Progression and the Role of Intraplaque Hemorrhage: Analysis from Deep Learning-based Longitudinal Vessel Wall Imaging.

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is a major etiology of stroke. Although intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is known to increase stroke risk and plaque burden, its long-term effects on plaque dynamics remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of IPH on carotid plaque burden progression using deep learning-based segmentation on multi-contrast vessel wall imaging (VWI).

Use of Crithidia fasciculata extract for the facile enzymatic synthesis of GDP-L-[3H]Fucose.

For studies involving glycosyltransferases and nucleotide sugar transporters, radioactive nucleotide sugars are critical reagents. Of these, GDP-L-[3H]Fucose is currently commercially unavailable. Here, we present a facile approach for the preparation of GDP-[3H]-L-Fucose, using the enzymatic machinery present in the cytosol of the non-infectious and easily cultivated protozoan, Crithidia fasciculata, and its purification by solid phase extraction ion exchange chromatography.

Implementation of a Child Maltreatment Screening Tool in the Prehospital Setting.

Objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are in a unique position to screen for child maltreatment as they are often the first point of contact with the health care system and they may encounter children in their home environment. However, EMS training regarding the signs of child maltreatment is lacking. Although several child maltreatment screening tools have been developed for the primary care and emergency department (ED) settings, there appears to be no published literature describing or evaluating a prehospital screening aid.

Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation During Lobectomy for Postsurgical Pain: A Safe and Cost-Effective Intervention.

Introduction: The cost benefit of intercostal nerve cryoablation during surgical lobectomy for postoperative pain management is unknown. The current study compared hospital economics, resource use, and clinical outcomes during the index stay and accompanying short-term follow-up. Patients who underwent lobectomy with standard of care treatment for postsurgical pain management and cryoablation were compared to those with standard of care treatment only.

Diversity Oriented Routes to Thiopeptide Antibiotics: A Solution to the "Thiazole Problem".

The Goossen decarboxylative coupling reaction enables the union of thiazole-2-carboxylic acids with a 2-pyridyl triflate, leading to the formation of pyridine-thiazole clusters of the kind found in thiopeptide antibiotics. The method avoids problematic or technically challenging reaction sequences involving 2-thiazolyl organometallics, facilitating the investigation of the structure-activity relationship of the thiopeptides.

Innovative Technology to Improve Simulation Access for Rural Clinicians.

Rural pediatric clinicians face barriers to accessing health care simulation, an educational standard to prepare for high-acuity, low-occurrence (HALO) events. Simulation is typically accessible in urban academic medical centers, as it is resource-intensive owing to the necessary equipment and expertise needed to implement training. Rural hospitals face geographic and financial barriers to providing simulation training.

Food environments in the Pacific region and efforts to improve them: a scoping review.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of food environments in the Pacific region, and the broader economic, policy and sociocultural surroundings that influence food choices and interventions to improve food environments for Pacific communities.

Design: Systematic searches were conducted for articles related to food environments or factors influencing food choices from 1993 to 2024 in five academic databases, Google, Google Scholar and relevant organisations' websites. Studies were included if they meet the eligibility criteria.

How soon will surgeons become mere technicians? Chatbot performance in managing clinical scenarios.

Background: Chatbot use has developed a presence in medicine and surgery and has been proposed to help guide clinical decision making. However, the accuracy of information provided by artificial intelligence (AI) platforms has been called into question. We evaluated the performance of 4 popular chatbots on a board-style examination and compared results with a group of board-certified thoracic surgeons.

Co-Catalyzed P-H Activation and Related Cp*Co(III) Phosphine Complexes.

This study reports that the well-known Co(III) precursor Co(η-Cp*)I(CO) () is an effective precatalyst for dehydrocoupling reactions of phosphines. Reaction monitoring by NMR, complemented by ESI-MS and EPR, suggests that Co(III) complexes containing secondary and primary phosphine ligands play an important role in this catalysis but that redox chemistry is also facile for these complexes, resulting in paramagnetic species. Representative examples of the mono(phosphine) complexes Co(η-Cp*)I(PRH) () and Co(η-Cp*)I(PRH) () and bis(phosphine) complexes [Co(η-Cp*)I(PRH)] I () have been prepared.

Assessing Sleep Disorders in an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit.

Sleep and mental health have a strong relationship. There is a lack of training in Sleep Medicine for Psychiatrists. Sleep problems often accompany mental health issues, especially in children and adolescents on inpatient psychiatry units.

Pre-hospital Tourniquet Use in Adolescent and Pediatric Traumatic Hemorrhage: A National Study.

Background: Tourniquet placement (TP) is a crucial intervention to control hemorrhage, but limited literature exists for use in children. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tourniquet application by different providers (Emergency Medical Services (EMS), first responder (FR), and bystanders), hypothesizing equivalent impact on outcomes for pediatric trauma patients for all providers.

Methods: Data from the National EMS Information Systems (NEMSIS) 2017-2020 was used to examine patients 0-19 years old and assess the outcomes of tourniquet application.

Assessment of the effects of cannabidiol and a CBD-rich hemp extract in .

Consumer use of cannabidiol (CBD) is growing, but there are still data gaps regarding its possible adverse effects on reproduction and development. Multiple pathways and signaling cascades involved in organismal development and neuronal function, including endocannabinoid synthesis and signaling systems, are well conserved across phyla, suggesting that can model the effects of exogenous cannabinoids. The effects in on oxidative stress response (OxStrR), developmental timing, juvenile and adult spontaneous locomotor activity, reproductive output, and organismal CBD concentrations were assessed after exposure to purified CBD or a hemp extract suspended in 0.

Perspectives of an NCI T32 Training Program Designed to Train a Diverse Workforce in Cancer Health Equity Research.

With cancer health disparities on the rise in the United States (USA), there is an increased need for novel approaches to address these challenges. One such approach that may help address these disparities is increasing diversity in the biomedical research workforce. The Cancer Health Equity and Career Development Program (CHECDP) embodies this approach by recruiting and training underrepresented minorities in cancer research to develop the skills and training needed to be competitive for independent research careers, thus diversifying the biomedical research workforce.

Multidisciplinary management of adult patients with chylothorax: a consensus statement.

The management of chylothorax remains challenging given the limited evidence and significant heterogeneity in practice. In addition, there are no practical guidelines on the optimal approach to manage this complex condition. We convened an international group of 27 experts from 20 institutions across five countries and four specialties (pulmonary, interventional radiology, thoracic surgery and nutrition) with experience and expertise in managing adult patients with chylothorax.

Evaluating ChatGPT as a patient resource for frequently asked questions about lung cancer surgery-a pilot study.

Objective: Chat-based artificial intelligence programs like ChatGPT are reimagining how patients seek information. This study aims to evaluate the quality and accuracy of ChatGPT-generated answers to common patient questions about lung cancer surgery.

Methods: A 30-question survey of patient questions about lung cancer surgery was posed to ChatGPT in July 2023.

Protocol for the co-design of an online support service for adults with hearing loss.

Introduction: Untreated hearing loss is reported to negatively impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting their psychological and physical health and placing them at greater risk of developing dementia. Despite this, hearing loss management is often delayed by up to a decade. This is likely due to difficulties in navigating the hearing care pathway, and the absence of a central, unbiased reference point for consumer-friendly hearing health information and resources.