The association of cholesterol levels with memory and memory change over a 14-year period in a US national cohort.

Introduction: The impact of cholesterol on late-life cognition remains controversial. We investigated the association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-HDL-C with memory in a nationally representative cohort.

Methods: Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants ( = 13,258) aged 50+ (mean age: 67.

Factors Associated With Prelacteal Feeding of Commercial Milk Formula: An Analysis of Cohort Data From the BADUTA Study in Indonesia.

Introducing commercial milk formula (CMF) as prelacteal feeds can disturb exclusive breastfeeding and shorten breastfeeding duration. However, the prelacteal feeding of CMF has been growing alongside its increasing sales in Indonesia. This study examined predictors of the CMF feeding in the Malang and Sidoarjo districts of Indonesia.

Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q): Exploratory factor analysis and psychometric performance in a pregnant community sample with body mass index ≥ 25.

Pregnancy is characterized by biopsychosocial changes that impact appetite, eating and weight. Understanding pregnant individuals' attitudes toward eating and weight can provide insight into prenatal health behavior. Accordingly, we developed and performed initial psychometric testing of a self-report measure, the Pregnancy Eating Attitudes-Questionnaire (PEA-Q), among individuals with pre-pregnancy BMI≥25.

Toward improved understanding and treatment of self-injurious behaviors in autistic individuals with profound intellectual disability.

Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) commonly occur in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and span diverse topographies of self-inflicted behaviors ranging from head banging to hitting oneself against hard objects. Despite the high rates of SIB in autistic individuals, relatively little research has focused on psychological factors associated with the development and maintenance of SIB in individuals with autism and moderate-profound intellectual disability (ID). This commentary synthesizes existing literature on SIB and highlights the need for more research focused on psychological correlates and mechanisms in autistic individuals with moderate-profound ID.

Family Experiences with Supplemental Social Security Income and Legal Guardianship for Autistic Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Family interactions with the Supplemental Social Security Income (SSI) program and the decision to pursue legal guardianship are poorly understood in services research for autistic adults.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study and incorporated quantitative survey data from 122 autistic adults in an existing longitudinal cohort with qualitative interviews with 12 autistic adults and/or legal guardians. We explored associations between sociodemographic, developmental, and behavioral features with the likelihood of having SSI and a legal guardian at 25 years old.

Context-Tailored Food-Based Nutrition Education and Counseling for Pregnant Women to Improve Birth Outcomes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Malawi.

Background: Inadequate maternal dietary intakes remain a public health challenge in low-income countries like Malawi and can cause adverse birth outcomes.

Objectives: To improve maternal dietary intakes and thus reduce the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes in rural Malawi.

Methods: We performed a 2-armed (1:1) cluster-randomized controlled trial in Southern Malawi, enrolling pregnant women at gestational age 12-18 wk.

Examining the molecular clock hypothesis for the contemporary evolution of the rabies virus.

The molecular clock hypothesis assumes that mutations accumulate on an organism's genome at a constant rate over time, but this assumption does not always hold true. While modelling approaches exist to accommodate deviations from a strict molecular clock, assumptions about rate variation may not fully represent the underlying evolutionary processes. There is considerable variability in rabies virus (RABV) incubation periods, ranging from days to over a year, during which viral replication may be reduced.

Exploring the Heterogeneity of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Autistic Youth: Patterns, Predictors, and Implications for Intervention.

Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) encompass a heterogeneous set of self-inflicted aggressive behaviors that are highly prevalent in autistic youth. Existing research on SIB in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been limited by significant methodological and conceptual inconsistencies. Thus, the current study leveraged item-level data capturing the severity of unique SIB topographies to further understanding of factors associated with distinct SIB in a sample of 582 autistic youth (M = 12.

The infected blood inquiry: Impact on public perceptions of blood supply risk, safety, and donation attitudes.

Background: The UK's Infected Blood Inquiry (IBI) highlighted a major public health scandal, with at least 30 000 people infected and more than 3000 deaths attributable to infected blood and blood products. This study investigates the impact of the IBI announcement on May 20, 2024, on public perceptions of blood supply risk, safety, and donation intentions in the UK compared to the USA.

Methods: A 2 (country: UK vs.

Estimating food consumption, micronutrient intake and the contribution of large-scale food fortification to micronutrient adequacy in Tanzania.

Objective: To assess the potential contribution of large-scale food fortification (LSFF) towards meeting dietary micronutrient requirements in Tanzania.

Design: We used household food consumption data from the National Panel Survey 2014-15 to estimate fortifiable food vehicle coverage and consumption (standardised using the adult female equivalent approach) and the prevalence at risk of inadequate apparent intake of five micronutrients included in Tanzania's fortification legislation. We modelled four LSFF scenarios: no fortification, status quo (i.

Questions on travel and sexual behaviours negatively impact ethnic minority donor recruitment: Effect of negative word-of-mouth and avoidance.

Background And Objectives: Donor selection questions differentially impacting ethnic minorities can discourage donation directly or via negative word-of-mouth. We explore the differential impact of two blood safety questions relating to (i) sexual contacts linked to areas where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are high and (ii) travelling to areas where malaria is endemic. Epidemiological data are used to assess infection risk and the need for these questions.

Multi-method approach to assessing the floral-visiting insect assemblage of rare, abophilous plant in Southern California.

Insects are the major pollination vectors for angiosperms, and insects native to a given habitat can play an irreplaceable ecological role in food webs and plant reproduction. With precipitous declines in insect species over the last decades, it is urgent to document insect assemblages in native plant communities to support conservation efforts. Identifying pollinators and their pollination activity is challenging; however, emerging technological methods are providing new monitoring capabilities.

Reducing spatial heterogeneity in coverage improves the effectiveness of dog vaccination against rabies.

Vaccination programs are the mainstay of control for many infectious diseases. Heterogeneous coverage is hypothesised to reduce vaccination effectiveness, but this impact has not been quantified in real systems. We address this gap using fine-scale data from two decades of rabies contact tracing and dog vaccination campaigns in Serengeti district, Tanzania.

Contribution of inflammation markers and quantitative sensory testing (QST) indices of central sensitisation to rheumatoid arthritis pain.

Background: Pain, the primary complaint in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is multifaceted, and may be driven by inflammatory disease activity and central sensitisation. We aimed to ascertain what proportion of RA pain severity is explained by markers of inflammation and quantitative sensory testing (QST) indices of central sensitisation.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from individuals with clinically active RA.

Incidental prostate carcinoma after single-port robot-assisted simple prostatectomy: a multi-institutional report (SPARC).

Background: Single-port robot-assisted simple prostatectomy is a minimally invasive alternative for patients with large benign prostatic hyperplasia with severe symptoms and/or failure of medical treatment. In recent literature, the rate of incidental prostate cancer after simple prostatectomy ranges from 1.8% to 13.

The power of arts-based film interventions to encourage Black blood donors.

Background: Blood services must consider innovative ways to encourage more Black people to donate to enhance the efficacy of treatments. We evaluate how two innovative arts-based approaches (co-designed and locally produced films and a large-scale Marvel Studios'/NHSBT collaboration) can achieve this by generalizing to a wider audience from their target audiences.

Study Design And Methods: Four co-designed short community films were produced in the United Kingdom: Comedy, Reciprocity, Donor-Recipient, and Sliding Doors.

The Impact of Signaling in Diagnostic Radiology Residency.

Unlabelled: Signaling in the US Residency MATCH process allows medical students to indicate preference for specific programs. In diagnostic radiology, "Gold" and "Silver" signals significantly increase the chances of securing interviews from targeted programs. Specialty advisors should strategically evaluate applicant competitiveness and program desirability to optimize signal placement.