Background: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are critical for pharmacists to identify risky opioid medication use. We performed an independent evaluation of the PDMP-based Narcotic Score (NS) metric.
Methods: This study was a one-time, cross-sectional health assessment within 19 pharmacies from a national chain among adults picking-up opioid medications.
Adoption has been viewed as inferior to birthing, carrying social stigma which has resulted in members of the adoption triad, specifically adoptees, experiencing discrimination at all levels of the ecological system (Baden, 2016; Wegar, 2000). Transracial and international adoptees holding marginalized racial or ethnic identities contend with discrimination around their adoption status and their racial designation. Unique to the transracial adoptee experience is belonging to families who do not share their racial and cultural backgrounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of new antibiotics to treat infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is of paramount importance as antibiotic resistance continues to increase worldwide. Here we describe a strategy for the rational design of diazabicyclooctane inhibitors of penicillin-binding proteins from Gram-negative bacteria to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance, including β-lactamase enzymes, stringent response and outer membrane permeation. Diazabicyclooctane inhibitors retain activity in the presence of β-lactamases, the primary resistance mechanism associated with β-lactam therapy in Gram-negative bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurodegenerative diseases place a devastating burden on affected individuals and their families, and new treatments are desperately needed for these common immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. While large aggregates of abnormal proteins in the brain cause significant damage, it is becoming clear that smaller soluble protein aggregates can also contribute to disease, by both direct and indirect mechanisms. These soluble protein oligomers can be found in patients' serum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough great progress has been made to advance the scientific understanding of oil spills, tools for integrated assessment modeling of the long-term impacts on ecosystems, socioeconomics and human health are lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework that could be used to answer stakeholder questions about oil spill impacts and to identify knowledge gaps and future integration priorities. The framework was initially separated into four knowledge domains (ocean environment, biological ecosystems, socioeconomics, and human health) whose interactions were explored by gathering stakeholder questions through public engagement, assimilating expert input about existing models, and consolidating information through a system dynamics approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an emerging poxviral pathogen of cattle that is currently spreading throughout Asia. The disease situation is of high importance for farmers and policy makers in Asia. In October 2020, feral cattle in Hong Kong developed multi-focal cutaneous nodules consistent with lumpy skin disease (LSD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Using indoor tanning devices is associated with substantial health consequences, such as an increased risk of melanoma and other skin cancers. Many people including minors and some at high risk of skin cancer continue to use these devices. In the absence of effective restrictions on use, it is important that behaviour change interventions are designed to reduce indoor tanning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a rare, debilitating, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the hands and feet. Clinical, immunological and genetic findings suggest a pathogenic role for interleukin (IL)-1.
Objectives: To determine whether anakinra (an IL-1 receptor antagonist) delivers therapeutic benefit in PPP.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that undergo dynamic changes in response to changing cellular conditions. During nutrient depletion, LD numbers increase to protect cells against toxic fatty acids generated through autophagy and provide fuel for beta-oxidation. However, the precise mechanisms through which these changes are regulated have remained unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE J Biomed Health Inform
March 2022
Prognoses of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) outcomes are neither easily nor accurately determined from clinical indicators. This is due in part to the heterogeneity of damage inflicted to the brain, ultimately resulting in diverse and complex outcomes. Using a data-driven approach on many distinct data elements may be necessary to describe this large set of outcomes and thereby robustly depict the nuanced differences among TBI patients' recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To analyse errors in head and neck (H&N) pathology made by attending neuroradiologists at a single tertiary-care centre.
Materials And Methods: A neuroradiology quality assurance (QA) database of radiological errors was searched for attending physician errors in H&N pathology from 2014-2020. Data were limited to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports.
Four species of spotted skunks (Carnivora, Mephitidae, Spilogale) are currently recognized: Spilogale angustifrons, S. gracilis, S. putorius, and S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: A head computed tomography (CT) with positive results for acute intracranial hemorrhage is the gold-standard diagnostic biomarker for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). In moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores 3-12), some CT features have been shown to be associated with outcomes. In mild TBI (mTBI; GCS scores 13-15), distribution and co-occurrence of pathological CT features and their prognostic importance are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecently, the US FDA and Association of American Feed Control Officials approved Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) as a feed ingredient for poultry. The objectives of this work were 1) to evaluate the nutritional profile of BSFL oil and meal in laying hens, and 2) measure the impact of the BSFL treatments on hen performance and egg quality. In 2 experiments, BSFL oil and meal were fed to replicate hens from 43 to 47 wk and from 51 to 55 wk of age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHelminths are distinct from microbial pathogens in both size and complexity, and are the likely evolutionary driving force for type 2 immunity. CD4+ helper T cells can both coordinate worm clearance and prevent immunopathology, but issues of T cell antigen specificity in the context of helminth-induced Th2 and T regulatory cell (Treg) responses have not been addressed. Herein, we generated a novel transgenic line of the gastrointestinal nematode Strongyloides ratti expressing the immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope 2W1S as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and FLAG peptide in order to track and study helminth-specific CD4+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe multiscale organizational structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells is instrumental to DNA transcription, replication, and repair. At mesoscopic length scales, nucleosomes pack in a manner that serves to regulate gene expression through condensation and expansion of the genome. The particular structures that arise and their respective thermodynamic stabilities, however, have yet to be fully resolved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this chapter, we review the extensive literature describing the roles of the subfornical organ (SFO), the organum vasculosum of the terminalis (OVLT), and the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), comprising the lamina terminalis, in cardiovascular regulation and the control of fluid balance. We present this information in the context of both historical and technological developments which can effectively be overlaid upon each other. We describe intrinsic anatomy and connectivity and then discuss early work which described how circulating angiotensin II acts at the SFO to stimulate drinking and increase blood pressure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolytrauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently co-occur and outcomes are routinely measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). Polytrauma may confound GOSE measurement of TBI-specific outcomes. Adult patients with TBI from the prospective Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot) study had presented to a Level 1 trauma center after injury, received head computed tomography (CT) within 24 h, and completed the GOSE at 3 months and 6 months post-injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeptide-π-conjugated materials are important for biointerfacing charge-transporting applications due to their aqueous compatibility and formation of long-range π-electron networks. Perylene diimides (PDIs), well-established charge-transporting π systems, can self-assemble in aqueous solutions when conjugated with amino acids. In this work, we leveraged computational guidance from our previous work to access two different self-assembled architectures from PDI-amino acid conjugates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study explores the combined effect of lead (Pb) exposure and an index of chronic physiological stress on cardiovascular disease mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2008 linked to 1999-2014 National Death Index data. Chronic physiological stress was measured using the allostatic load (AL) index, which was formed by analyzing markers from the cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic systems, with Pb levels, assessed using blood lead levels (BLL). The dataset was analyzed with statistical techniques to explore (a) the relationship between Pb exposure and AL, and (b) the combined role of Pb and AL on cardiovascular disease mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultiple occurrences of yolk sac retention prompted a retrospective investigation in a recently formed colony of captive Humboldt penguins (). Necropsy reports of 141 parent-reared penguin chicks that died between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed for evidence of yolk sac retention, defined as the presence of a yolk sac at postmortem examination of a chick aged 7 d or greater, and analyzed by demographic and pathological variables for identification of risk factors. Fifty-nine (65%) chicks that died at age 7 d or greater had a retained yolk sac at postmortem examination, revealing that this was a common condition in penguins in this population.
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