Development and characterization of a double-layer smart packaging system consisting of polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers and gelatin film for fish fillet.

This study aimed to develop a double-layer film composed of an intelligent, gelatin-based film integrated with active polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers (PVANFs). Eggplant skin extract (ESE), a colorimetric indicator, was incorporated into the gelatin-based film at varying concentrations ranging from 0 % to 8 % w/w. The gelatin film containing 8 % ESE was identified as the optimal formulation based on its superior color indication, water barrier, and mechanical properties.

Morphological, physical, antimicrobial and release properties of ZnO nanoparticles-loaded bacterial cellulose films.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) monolayer and multilayer films, incorporating 5wt.% ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been obtained. Ultrasound (US) irradiation (40kHz) was applied during ZnO-BC nanocomposites preparation.