Effect of the Winter Wheat Cheyenne 5A Substituted Chromosome on Dynamics of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinins in Freezing-Sensitive Chinese Spring Genetic Background.

The effect of short- and long-term cold treatment on the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CK) metabolism, and their main biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were investigated in freezing-sensitive and freezing-tolerant wheat genotypes. Varieties Cheyenne and Chinese Spring substituted with the 5A Cheyenne chromosome, which represented freezing-tolerant genotypes, were compared with the freezing-sensitive Chinese Spring. Hormone levels and gene expression data indicated that the short- and long-term cold treatments are associated with specific regulation of the accumulation of cold-protective proteins and phytohormone levels, as well as the expression profiles of the hormone-related genes.

The full mitochondrial genomes of Mangalica pig breeds and their possible origin.

The mitogenomes of one animal of each of the three Mangalica breeds, Blonde, Red, and Swallow-belly were assembled from reads obtained by Next Generation Sequencing of the three genomes. Features of the mitogenomes were identical in the three breeds, apart from a second gene on the L strand in Swallow-belly. Phylogenetic comparison of the three mitogenomes with 112 full mtDNA sequences clearly put Mangalicas into the European clade.

Transcript and hormone analyses reveal the involvement of ABA-signalling, hormone crosstalk and genotype-specific biological processes in cold-shock response in wheat.

The effect of one-day cold-shock on the transcriptome and phytohormones (auxin, cytokinins, abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids) was characterised in freezing-sensitive (Chinese Spring), highly freezing-tolerant (Cheyenne) and moderately freezing-tolerant (Chinese Spring substituted with Cheyenne's 5A chromosome) wheat genotypes. Altogether, 636 differentially expressed genes responding to cold-shock were identified. Defence genes encoding LEA proteins, dehydrins, chaperons and other temperature-stress responsive proteins were up-regulated in a genotype-independent manner.

[Letter to the Editor] Comparison of small RNA next-generation sequencing with and without isolation of small RNA fraction.

Address correspondence to Ferenc Marincs, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, NARIC, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4., Gödöllö, Hungary.

Pleiotropic effect of chromosome 5A and the mvp mutation on the metabolite profile during cold acclimation and the vegetative/generative transition in wheat.

Background: Wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in the human diet, and metabolites are crucial for both plant development and human nutrition. The recent advances in metabolomics provided an opportunity to perform an untargeted metabolite analysis in this important crop.

Results: Wheat was characterised at the metabolite level during cold acclimation and transition from the vegetative to the generative phase.

Genome sequencing and analysis of Mangalica, a fatty local pig of Hungary.

Background: Mangalicas are fatty type local/rare pig breeds with an increasing presence in the niche pork market in Hungary and in other countries. To explore their genetic resources, we have analysed data from next-generation sequencing of an individual male from each of three Mangalica breeds along with a local male Duroc pig. Structural variations, such as SNPs, INDELs and CNVs, were identified and particular genes with SNP variations were analysed with special emphasis on functions related to fat metabolism in pigs.

Introgression and isolation contributed to the development of Hungarian Mangalica pigs from a particular European ancient bloodline.

Background: Mangalica breeds are indigenous to Hungary and their breeding history dates back to about 200-250 years ago. They are fat-type pigs and have a rare curly hair phenotype. The aim of our study was to establish the relationships between these unique breeds and other European breeds.

Effects of yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 on gene expression and carbohydrate contents of potato leaves under drought stress conditions.

Background: The development of drought-tolerant, elite varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a challenging task, which might be achieved by introducing transgenic lines into breeding. We previously demonstrated that strains of the White Lady potato cultivar that express the yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) gene exhibit improved drought tolerance.

Transcriptome analysis of potato leaves expressing the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 gene of yeast.

Transgenic lines of the potato cultivar White Lady expressing the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) gene of yeast exhibit improved drought tolerance, but grow slower and have a lower carbon fixation rate and stomatal density than the wild-type. To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we have compared the transcriptomes of wild-type and TPS1-transgenic plants using the POCI microarray containing 42,034 potato unigene probes. We show that 74 and 25 genes were up-, and down-regulated, respectively, in the mature source leaves of TPS1-transgenic plants when compared with the wild-type.

Structure and function of the arginine repressor-operator complex from Bacillus subtilis.

In many bacteria, the concentration of L-arginine is controlled by a transcriptional regulator, the arginine repressor. In Bacillus subtilis this transcription factor is called AhrC and has roles in both the repression and activation of the genes involved in arginine metabolism. It interacts with 18 bp ARG boxes in the promoters of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic operons.

Transcript analysis reveals an extended regulon and the importance of protein-protein co-operativity for the Escherichia coli methionine repressor.

We have used DNA arrays to investigate the effects of knocking out the methionine repressor gene, metJ, on the Escherichia coli transcriptome. We assayed the effects in the knockout strain of supplying wild-type or mutant MetJ repressors from an expression plasmid, thus establishing a rapid assay for in vivo effects of mutations characterized previously in vitro. Repression is largely restricted to known genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of methionine.