Insecticide Resistance in from the National Capital Region of the Philippines.

Human arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika can be transmitted by the mosquito . The insecticide-based vector control strategy is critical in reducing transmission of these -borne diseases but is threatened mainly by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Adult from the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, were subjected to bioassays to determine their susceptibility to diagnostic doses of pyrethroid, organochlorine, and organophosphate insecticides following the standard World Health Organization insecticide susceptibility test.

Current and lagged associations of meteorological variables and Aedes mosquito indices with dengue incidence in the Philippines.

Background: Dengue is an increasing health burden that has spread throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. There is currently no effective vaccine and control is only possible through integrated vector management. Early warning systems (EWS) to alert potential dengue outbreaks are currently being explored but despite showing promise are yet to come to fruition.

Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in Traveler Returning to Canada from the Philippines, 2023.

A 55-year-old man sought treatment for an uncomplicated febrile illness after returning to Canada from the Philippines. A suspected diagnosis of Plasmodium knowlesi infection was confirmed by PCR, and treatment with atovaquone/proguanil brought successful recovery. We review the evolving epidemiology of P.

Climate variability and Aedes vector indices in the southern Philippines: An empirical analysis.

Background: Vector surveillance is an essential public health tool to aid in the prediction and prevention of mosquito borne diseases. This study compared spatial and temporal trends of vector surveillance indices for Aedes vectors in the southern Philippines, and assessed potential links between vector indices and climate factors.

Methods: We analysed routinely collected larval and pupal surveillance data from residential areas of 14 cities and 51 municipalities during 2013-2018 (House, Container, Breteau and Pupal Indices), and used linear regression to explore potential relationships between vector indices and climate variables (minimum temperature, maximum temperature and precipitation).

The seasonal dynamics and biting behavior of potential Anopheles vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi in Palawan, Philippines.

Background: A small number of human cases of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi have been reported in Palawan Island, the Philippines. Identification of potential vector species and their bionomics is crucial for understanding human exposure risk in this setting. Here, we combined longitudinal surveillance with a trap-evaluation study to address knowledge gaps about the ecology and potential for zoonotic spillover of this macaque malaria in Palawan Island.

Influence of Location and Distance of Biogents Sentinel™ Traps From Human-Occupied Experimental Huts On Recapture and Entry Into Huts.

A mark-release-recapture study was conducted to refine the "push-pull" strategy for controlling the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus vector in a peridomestic environment by determining optimal locations and distances from human-occupied experimental huts for placement of the "pull" component (Biogents Sentinel™ [BGS] traps) to maximize the capture of mosquitoes. The BGS traps were placed at portals of entry (windows or doors) or corners of the experimental huts and at varying distances from the huts (0, 3, and 10 m). The location optimization trials revealed higher trap capture rates and reduction in entry of mosquitoes when the BGS traps were positioned nearer the experimental hut portals of entry than those placed in the corner of the huts.

Efficacy of the In2Care® auto-dissemination device for reducing dengue transmission: study protocol for a parallel, two-armed cluster randomised trial in the Philippines.

Background: Mosquito-borne viruses are imposing an ever increasing health burden worldwide. In addition to the recent Zika and chikungunya virus epidemics, dengue viruses have become the fastest growing problem with a 40-fold increase in the number of reported cases over the past five decades. Current mosquito control techniques involving larval source reduction, larviciding, and space spray of adulticides are costly, laborious, and of debatable efficacy.

BG-Sentinel™ Trap Efficacy As A Component of Proof-Of-Concept For Push-Pull Control Strategy For Dengue Vector Mosquitoes.

The efficacy of the BG-Sentinel™ (BGS) trap as a "pull" component of a "push-pull" system (PPS) for management of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, was evaluated using local households in Pu Tuey, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The pull component was the concluding phase of a 3-part investigation using a PPS combination spatial repellent (SR) and BGS trap to capture adult vector mosquitoes. Two sentinel households were selected for evaluation of BGS trap efficacy based on the highest pretrial indoor resting densities of Ae.

INVESTIGATION OF MOSQUITOES WITH EMPHASIS ON AEDES (FINLAYA) POICILIUS, PUTATIVE VECTOR OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS ON PANAY ISLAND, THE PHILIPPINES.

Entomological investigations were conducted in four remaining lymphatic filariasis endemic provinces of Panay Island, The Philippines to determine mosquito species present in these areas and to identify host preference and biting activity of Aedes (Finlaya) poicilius Theobald, primary vector of nocturnal periodic Wuchereria bancrofti in The Philippines. Sampling techniques targeted nocturnally active mosquito species using a carabao-baited trap (CBT) and human-landing collection (HLC), the latter taking place from 06:00 to 12:00 pm. A total of 25,536 mosquitoes comprising 42 species and 7 genera were collected from CBT, whilst HLC acquired 6,486 mosquitoes comprising 28 species and 5 genera.

BIONOMICS AND ECOLOGY OF ANOPHELES LITORALIS ON BONGAO ISLAND, TAWI-TAWI PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR VECTOR CONTROL.

Entomological surveys were conducted to identify Anopheles malaria vector species, their feeding and resting behaviors, and characterization of larval habitats on Bongao Island, Tawi-tawi Province, in July and November, 2007. Survey parameters included all-evening human-landing collections (HLC), evening buffalo-baited trap (BBT) collections, daytime indoor and outdoor adult resting collections, adult female age-grading, identification of natural Plasmodium infections in mosquitoes, larval habitat identification and physical/biological characterization, and adult insecticide susceptibility assays. Both surveys revealed the predominant and putative malaria vector species on Bongao Island is Anopheles litoralis.

Effect of Aedes aegypti exposure to spatial repellent chemicals on BG-Sentinel™ trap catches.

Background: An integrated approach to reduce densities of adult Aedes aegypti inside homes is currently being evaluated under experimentally controlled field conditions. The strategy combines a spatial repellent (SR) treatment (applied indoors) with the Biogents Sentinel™ (BGS) mosquito trap positioned in the outdoor environment. In essence, when combined, the goal is to create a push-pull mechanism that will reduce the probability of human-vector contact.

Community-based dengue vector control: experiences in behavior change in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines.

Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne disease in the Philippines, especially in Metropolitan Manila where communities are socially and economically diverse, and city governments struggle to provide basic services such as continuously available, piped water supply to residents. We examined responses to introducing water container management to control dengue vectors in two diverse communities in Masagana City: Village A (gated community) and Village B (informal settlers community). The roll out of the intervention was carried out by the study team, dengue control personnel and local health workers (BHWs).

Evaluation of a peridomestic mosquito trap for integration into an Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) push-pull control strategy.

We determined the feasibility of using the BG-Sentinel™ mosquito trap (BGS) as the pull component in a push-pull strategy to reduce indoor biting by Aedes aegypti. This included evaluating varying numbers of traps (1-4) and mosquito release numbers (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) on recapture rates under screen house conditions. Based on these variations in trap and mosquito numbers, release intervals were rotated through a completely randomized design with environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) and monitored throughout each experiment.