Use of genetic immunization to raise antibodies recognizing toxin-related cell surface ADP-ribosyltransferases in native conformation.

ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD to arginine, asparagine, or cysteine residues in target proteins. This post-translational protein modification is the mechanism by which cholera-toxin and other bacterial toxins cause pathology in human host cells. Molecular cloning has identified five toxin-related GPI-anchored cell surface ARTs in the mouse (ART1, ART2.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing GPI-anchored ADP-ribosyltransferase ART4, the carrier of the Dombrock blood group antigens.

ART4 (CD297) is a member of the family of toxin-related ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) and is the carrier of the Dombrock blood group alloantigens (Do). Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MIMA-52 and MIMA-53), and two rat monoclonal antibodies (N0NI-B4 and NONI-B63) were obtained following immunization of mice with human Do/ART4-transfected cells and of rats with human Do/ART4 cDNA, respectively. All four mAbs recognize Do/ART4-transfected Jurkat cells but not untransfected cells by FACS analysis.

CD38 controls ADP-ribosyltransferase-2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of T cell surface proteins.

ADP-ribosyltransferase-2 (ART2), a GPI-anchored, toxin-related ADP-ribosylating ectoenzyme, is prominently expressed by murine T cells but not by B cells. Upon exposure of T cells to NAD, the substrate for ADP-ribosylation, ART2 catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the P2X7 purinoceptor and other functionally important cell surface proteins. This in turn activates P2X7 and induces exposure of phosphatidylserine and shedding of CD62L.

Activity and specificity of toxin-related mouse T cell ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ART2.2 depends on its association with lipid rafts.

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl-transferases (ARTs) transfer ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto target proteins. T cells express ART2.2, a toxin-related, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ecto-enzyme.