The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.

The first reported case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rwanda occurred on March 14 2020. By the end of July 2024, a total of 133,518 individuals had tested positive for the infection, resulting in 1,468 deaths and 132,039 had fully recovered. The success of COVID-19 elimination in Rwanda hinges on the public's level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination.

Mechanism of Fatigue-Life Extension Due to Dynamic Strain Aging in Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperature.

An enhancement in fatigue life for ferrite-pearlite low-carbon steel (LCS) at high temperature (HT) has been discovered, where it increased from 190,873 cycles at room temperature (RT) to 10,000,000 cycles at 400 °C under the same stress conditions. To understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon, the evolution of microstructure and dislocation density during fatigue tests was comprehensively investigated. High-power X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the evolution of total dislocation density, while Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and High-Resolution EBSD (HR-EBSD) were conducted to reveal the evolutions of kernel average misorientation (KAM), geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) and elastic strains.

The care cascade of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a cross-sectional study of individual-level data at enrolment into the national 'Happy Breathing' Programme.

Background: Understanding the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) care cascade is crucial for identifying where and when to intervene to improve COPD outcomes. We aimed to determine the proportion of patients with COPD seeking care in China's health system who are lost at each stage of the COPD care cascade and how the patterns of loss vary across geographical regions and population groups.

Methods: From November 3, 2018, to April 22, 2021, we used individual-level patient data from the national Chinese 'Happy Breathing' Programme, which aims to identify patients with COPD and provide appropriate care.

Preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccination among 12,000 adults in China: A cross-sectional discrete choice experiment.

Understanding public preferences concerning vaccination is critical to inform pandemic response strategies. To investigate Chinese adults' preferences regarding COVID-19 vaccine attributes, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey in 12,000 Chinese adults in June-July, 2021. Participants were requested to answer a series of discrete choice questions related to hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines.

Portable spirometer-based pulmonary function test willingness in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study from the "Happy Breathing Program".

Background: Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.

Methods: We collected data from participants in the "Happy Breathing Program" in China.

Knowledge and trust of mothers regarding childhood vaccination in Rwanda.

Introduction: Knowledge and trust are some of the contributing factors to vaccine acceptance(VA) and Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is one of the top threats to global health. A significant drop in childhood vaccination has been observed in recent years. One important reason that influences mothers' choice to either postpone or avoid children's vaccinations is knowledge and trust in childhood vaccines.

The global economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 204 countries and territories in 2020-50: a health-augmented macroeconomic modelling study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and imposes a substantial economic burden. Gaining a thorough understanding of the economic implications of COPD is an important prerequisite for sound, evidence-based policy making. We aimed to estimate the macroeconomic burden of COPD for each country and establish its distribution across world regions.

The enhancement of mechanical properties and uniform degradation of electrodeposited Fe-Zn alloys by multilayered design for biodegradable stent applications.

Pure Fe is a potential biodegradable stent material due to its better biocompatibility and mechanical properties, but its degradation rate needs to be improved. Alloying with Zn to form Fe-Zn alloy is anticipated to meet the degradation rate requirements while retaining the iron's inherent properties. Therefore, Fe-Zn alloys with monolayered and multilayered structures were prepared by electrodeposition.

Hope as a predictor for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the US: a cross-sectional survey of 11,955 adults.

Widespread vaccine uptake is critical for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. As public health officials focus on overcoming vaccine hesitancy, simultaneously boosting hope may be equally important in the US. We analyzed data from an online cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2021.

Trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children from 2013 to 2018: a cross-sectional study in Rhine-Neckar County and the City of Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Early childhood overweight and obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide. Few recent studies have addressed how time trends varied by sociodemographic characteristics at the regional level using large and high-quality data. This study determines how time trends vary in the prevalence of early childhood overweight and obesity by age, gender, and migration background at the regional level.

Attitudes Toward the Global Allocation of Chinese COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-sectional Online Survey of Adults Living in China.

Background: COVID-19 vaccines are in short supply worldwide. China was among the first countries to pledge supplies of the COVID-19 vaccine as a global public product, and to date, the country has provided more than 600 million vaccines to more than 200 countries and regions with low COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the public's attitude in China toward the global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines could inform global and national decisions, policies, and debates.

Animated, video entertainment-education to improve vaccine confidence globally during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online randomized controlled experiment with 24,000 participants.

Background: Science-driven storytelling and entertainment-education (E-E) media demonstrate potential for promoting improved attitudes and behavioral intent towards health-related practices. Months after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerging research highlights the essential role of interventions to improve public confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine. To improve vaccine confidence, we designed three short, animated videos employing three research-informed pedagogical strategies.

Sex-Specific Development in Haplodiploid Honeybee Is Controlled by the Female-Embryo-Specific Activation of Thousands of Intronic LncRNAs.

Embryonic development depends on a highly coordinated shift in transcription programs known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). It remains unclear how haploid and diploid embryo coordinate their genomic activation and embryonic development during MZT in haplodiploid animals. Here, we applied a single-embryo RNA-seq approach to characterize the embryonic transcriptome dynamics in haploid males vs.

Correction: Knowledge About COVID-19 Among Adults in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/26940.].

Knowledge About COVID-19 Among Adults in China: Cross-sectional Online Survey.

Background: A detailed understanding of the public's knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 could inform governments' public health actions in response to the pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 among adults in China and its variation among provinces and by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Between May 8 and June 8, 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults in China who were registered with the private survey company KuRunData.

The After-Effect of Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation at Different Session Intervals.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the after-effect of three sessions of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on motor cortical excitability. The iTBS was induced over the primary motor cortex (M1) at different time intervals.

Methods: The study has a crossover design.

Poly(A)-seq: A method for direct sequencing and analysis of the transcriptomic poly(A)-tails.

Poly(A) tails at the 3' end of eukaryotic messenger RNAs control mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Facilitated by various NGS methods, alternative polyadenylation sites determining the 3'-UTR length of gene transcripts have been extensively studied. However, poly(A) lengths demonstrating dynamic and developmental regulation remain largely unexplored.

Characterization and cytocompatibility of hierarchical porous TiO coatings incorporated with calcium and strontium by one-step micro-arc oxidation.

Calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) are beneficial for bone reconstruction. This study incorporated Ca and Sr into the TiO coatings by one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment with CaO and SrO added in tetraborate electrolytes. The structure, composition, hydrophilicity, ion release, and cytocompatibility of the coatings were studied.

Tristetraprolin-RNA interaction map reveals a novel TTP-RelB regulatory network for innate immunity gene expression.

Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates inflammatory and immune responses by destabilizing target mRNAs via binding to their 3'-UTR AREs. We have recently reported that TTP preferentially up-regulates the expression level of innate immunity genes involved in the type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway and viral response in cancer cells. To elucidate the role of TTP-RNA interaction in TTP-mediated upregulation of gene expression, we performed iRIP-seq experiments to obtain the RNA interaction map consisting of direct and indirect binding sites of TTP in HeLa cells.

Induced Expression of VEGFC, ANGPT, and EFNB2 and Their Receptors Characterizes Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate whole transcriptional differences between proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) neovascular membranes (NVMs) and retinas, and the regulatory genes participating in retinal neovascularization in PDR.

Methods: We used high-throughput sequencing technology to capture the whole-genome gene expression levels of all participants, including 23 patients with PDR or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), 3 normal retinal samples, and 2 retinal samples from type II diabetic (T2D) eyes by donation, followed by analyses of expression patterns using bioinformatics methods, then validation of the data by in situ hybridization and Western blotting.

Results: We showed that transcriptional profiles of the NVMs were distinct from those of the retinas.

Tristetraprolin specifically regulates the expression and alternative splicing of immune response genes in HeLa cells.

Background: Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA binding protein that plays a critical role in regulating proinflammatory immune responses by destabilizing target mRNAs via binding to their AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTRs of mRNAs. A recent CLIP-seq study revealed that TTP-binding sites are enriched in the intronic regions of RNA. TTP is also a nuclear protein that exhibits putative DNA-binding activity.

Transcriptome analysis reveals downregulation of virulence-associated genes expression in a low virulence Verticillium dahliae strain.

Verticillium dahliae causes wilt diseases and early senescence in numerous plants, including agricultural crops such as cotton. In this study, we studied two closely related V. dahliae strains, and found that V991w showed significantly reduced virulence on cotton than V991b.