Effects of head direction during prone position on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Prone positioning with head rotation can influence cerebral haemodynamics, potentially affecting cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Elderly patients with impaired brain perfusion and oxygenation are at an increased risk of developing postoperative delirium (POD). Despite this, few studies have explored whether head orientation during prone positioning contributes to POD in older adults, an aspect often overlooked by clinicians.

Neuregulin 1 improved gastric motility and reduced gastric inflammation by activating the α7nAChR through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in diabetic rats.

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP), a prevalent complication of diabetes, is characterized by delayed gastric emptying and inflammation. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) plays a crucial role in modulating gastric function via the vagus nerve. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), which is present in the DMV and influences the autonomic nervous system, has an unclear role in DGP.

Microscopic Mechanism of Coal Wetting-Dissolution under Surfactant-Assisted Acidification Conditions.

Coal wetting-acidification is a promising method to enhance the coal dust control and gas permeability. To elucidate the internal transformation process of coal wetting-dissolution, this study employs contact angle measurements, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to investigate the wetting characteristics and pore structure changes of coal before and after treatment with acid and surfactant composite reagents. The interaction mechanisms between mineral dissolution and wetting-dissolution characteristics are explored.

What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emissions and how? A dynamic spatial perspective in China.

Green bonds are adopted to exclusively finance or refinance green projects and thus is an important policy instrument for sustainable development. The development of these eco-friendly projects benefits the reduction of carbon emission. What impacts do green bonds have on carbon emission intensity and how? This issue needs to be revealed, including the dynamic spatial interactive rules and regional heterogeneity.

How does green credit reduce carbon emissions? Dynamic spatial interactions and regional disparities.

Green credit is an important green financial policy tool to promote green development. However, research is needed to explore how green credit reduces carbon emissions, especially with respect to its dynamic spatial interactions and regional disparities. Based on a theoretical analysis, this paper empirically tests the carbon emission reduction effect of green credit and its three mechanisms by combining a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model, dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM), and the mediation model, including their dynamic spatial interactions and regional disparities.

A comparison of the use of contrast media with different iodine concentrations for enhanced computed tomography.

In this study, we compared the enhancement of blood vessels and liver parenchyma on enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the upper abdomen with two concentrations of contrast media (400 and 300 mg I/mL) based on similar iodine delivery rate (IDR) of 0.88 and 0.9 g I/s and iodine load of 450 mg I/kg.

A giant enhancement in the up-conversion luminescence and high temperature sensitivity of Bi doped ZnMoO:Er up-conversion phosphor.

Luminescence intensity is a critical factor for upconversion (UC) oxides with high phonon energy. Herein, an effective enhancement in UC luminescence is achieved in the ZnMoO:Er phosphor Bi doping. UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy verifies the fact that the absorption at 980 nm is enhanced by the introduction of Bi.

Structural and functional dysbiosis of gut microbiota in Tibetan subjects with coronary heart disease.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in coronary heart disease (CHD). However, only a few studies focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota and CHD in ethnic populations are available. Here, we employed shotgun sequencing of the gut metagenome to analyze the taxonomic composition and functional annotation of the gut microbiota of 14 CHD patients, 13 patients with non-stenosis coronary heart disease (NCHD), and 18 healthy controls (HT) in Tibetan subjects.

Extraction of Polysaccharides for Potential Antihyperlipidemic Application.

This study focused on the optimization of ultrasound-assisted compound enzyme extraction for polysaccharides (RTPs) from by orthogonal experiment and response surface methodology, and then its extraction kinetics model and antihyperlipidemic activities were studied. The optimum extraction process was as follows: cellulase-1.0%, papain-1.

Alterations of Gut Microbiome in Tibetan Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to gut microbiota, which may be significantly affected by ethnicity and the environment. Knowledge regarding the gut microbiome of Tibetan CHD patients living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited. In this study, we characterized the physiological parameters and gut microbiota from 23 healthy Tibetans (HT), 18 CHD patients, and 12 patients with non-stenosis coronary heart disease (NCHD).

The Transcriptomic Landscape of Yaks Reveals Molecular Pathways for High Altitude Adaptation.

Yak is one of the largest native mammalian species at the Himalayas, the highest plateau area in the world with an average elevation of >4,000 m above the sea level. Yak is well adapted to high altitude environment with a set of physiological features for a more efficient blood flow for oxygen delivery under hypobaric hypoxia. Yet, the genetic mechanism underlying its adaptation remains elusive.

A measurement model for real estate bubble size based on the panel data analysis: An empirical case study.

Employing the fundamental value of real estate determined by the economic fundamentals, a measurement model for real estate bubble size is established based on the panel data analysis. Using this model, real estate bubble sizes in various regions in Japan in the late 1980s and in recent China are examined. Two panel models for Japan provide results, which are consistent with the reality in the 1980s where a commercial land price bubble appeared in most area and was much larger than that of residential land.

[Comparative study of high altitude chronic hypoxia on renal function in yak and migrated cattle on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau].

Objective: To investigate the difference of renal function among yak, migrated cattle on Qinghai-tibetan plateau and lowland cattle, and to further explore the characteristics of renal to adapt chronic hypoxia.

Methods: The serum samples of yak(=84) were collected at 3 000 m,3 500 m,4 000 m and 4 300 m respectively,meanwhile the serum samples of migrated cattle on plateau (=22) and lowland cattle (=39) were also collected.The levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(Crea), blood urea nitrogen/creatinine(BUN/Cr), uric acid(UA), carbon dioxide binding rate(COcp), glucose(GLU) in serum were measured by using fully automatic blood biochemical analyzer.

[Effect of altitude chronic hypoxia on liver enzymes and its correlation with ACE/ACE2 in yak and migrated cattle].

Objective: To investigate the difference of liver enzyme levels and its correlation with serum ACE/ACE2 among yak and cattle on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, and to further explore the biochemical mechanism of their liver of altitude adaptation.

Methods: The serum samples of yak were collected at 3,000 m, 3,500 m, 4,000 m and 4,300 m respectively, meanwhile the serum samples of migrated cattle on plateau (2,500 m) and lowland cattle (1,300 m) were also collected. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholinesterase (CHE), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lipase (LPS), angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in serum were measured by using fully automatic blood biochemcal analyzer.

Hematological parameters in high altitude residents: Tibetan natives versus Han migrants.

Objective: Aim of our study was to compare hematological parameters in Tibetan natives with those in Han migrants living on the Tibet plateau in order to determine the potential effects of age, gender, and ethnicity on hematological response to hypoxia.

Methods: Blood hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl), hematocrit (Hct, %), red blood cells (RBC,10(6)/mm3) were measured in 3 588 healthy Tibetan natives and 3 371 Han migrants ranging in age from 5 to 72 years, living at a mean altitudes of 2 664 m, 3 813 m, 4 525m and 5 226 m.

Results: Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration analysis was made by multiple regression equations relating hemoglobin to altitude and age.

A genetic adaptive pattern-low hemoglobin concentration in the Himalayan highlanders.

Mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of about 3 500 subjects derived from 17 studies of Himalayan highlanders (Tibetans, Sherpas, and Ladakhis) was compared with lowlanders (Chinese Han, Indian Tamils) lived in the Himalayas, and European climbers during Everest expeditions as well as Andean natives. The results found that Hb concentration in Himalayan highlanders was systemically lower than those reported for Andean natives and lowland immigrants. These comparative data demonstrated that a healthy native population may successfully reside at high altitude without a significant elevation in Hb, and the lower Hb levels of Himalayan highlanders than those of migrated lowlanders and Andean natives are an example of favourable adaptation over the generations.

Effect of Wenhua Juanbi recipe on proliferation and apoptosis of synoviocytes in rats with collagen-inducing arthritis.

Objective: To study the effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe (WJR) on proliferation and apoptosis of synoviocytes in rats with collagen-inducing arthritis (CIA).

Methods: A CIA model was induced by intradermal injection of bovine collagen type II emulsion at the base of rat tails. Thirty modeled healthy Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (10 per group): the model group, the methotrexate (MTX)-treated group (0.

[A cross-sectional study of congenital heart disease among children aged from 4 to 18 years at different altitudes in Qinghai province, China].

Objective: The epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children aged from 4 to 18 years were investigated in Qinghai province.

Methods: Altogether 288 066 children inhabiting at 6 prefectures and 3 counties were examined by the following three steps: pre-screening, re-examination and diagnosis with color Doppler. And the entity distribution was analyzed while the differences were compared by age, gender, altitudes and nationalities respectively.

Studies on the anti-psoriasis constituents of Oplopanax elatus Nakai.

Seven compounds were isolated from roots and stems of Oplopanax elatus, of which compounds 3, 4, 5 and 6 were isolated for the first time from the title plant; compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds and characterised to be 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,9,9'-trihydroxy-4',7-epoxy-5'8-lignan-4,9-bis-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 5-methoxylariciresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of NMR spectra and CD spectrum.

[Clinical randomized study of bee-sting therapy for rheumatoid arthritis].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of bee-sting (venom) therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: One hundred RA patients were randomly divided into medication (control) group and bee-venom group, with 50 cases in each. Patients of control group were treated with oral administration of Methotrexate (MTX, 7.

[Expression of TMP Fc in Pichia pastoris and identification of its biological activity].

The DNA coding for the fusion protein of thromobopoietin mimetic peptide (TMP) and human IgG1 Fc fragment was amplified from recombinant plasmid pET28a/TMPFc, inserted into pPICZalphaA and transformed into Pichia pastoris using electroporation. The recombinants of correct phenotype were identified after screening on MDH and MMH culture medium. The fusion gene was verified with PCR and western blot.

The synthesis of SO-3, a conopeptide with high analgesic activity derived from Conus striatus.

The synthesis and characterization of the conopeptide, SO-3, originally derived from Conus striatus is reported. It contains 25 amino acid residues and three disulfide bridges and manifests 72% sequence identity with MVIIA, an N-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor of high analgesic activity. We evaluated SO-3 in several mouse models of pain.