Changes of structural characteristics, functional properties and volatile compounds of Tenebrio molitor larvae protein after sustainable defatting process: Influence of the different volume ratios of n-hexane to ethanol.

This work aimed to study the effect of defatting via the mixture of n-hexane and ethanol under different volume ratio on the changes of structural characteristics, functional properties and volatile compounds of Tenebrio molitor larvae protein (TMLP). The results showed that 1:0.6 vol ratio of n-hexane to ethanol rendered the highest defatting rate (P < 0.

Feasibility of Tenebrio molitor larvae protein to partially replace lean meat in the processing of hybrid frankfurters: Perspectives on quality profiles and in vitro digestibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing different amounts (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) of lean meat with Tenebrio molitor larvae protein (TMLP) on the quality profiles of hybrid frankfurters. The results showed that there were no obvious differences in moisture, protein or fat content of all the hybrid frankfurters (P > 0.05), only a higher substitution rate (from 10 % to 25 %) resulted in a higher ash content than the control group (P < 0.

Controllable synthesis of a Na-enriched NaV(PO) cathode for high-energy sodium-ion batteries: a redox-potential-matched chemical sodiation approach.

Exploring a sodium-enriched cathode ( NaV(PO), which differs from its traditional stoichiometric counterpart NaV(PO) that can provide extra endogenous sodium reserves to mitigate the irreversible capacity loss of the anode material ( hard carbon), is an intriguing presodiation method for the development of high energy sodium-ion batteries. To meet this challenge, herein, we first propose a redox-potential-matched chemical sodiation approach, utilizing phenazine-sodium (PNZ-Na) as the optimal reagent to sodiate the NaV(PO) precursor into Na-enriched NaV(PO). The spontaneous sodiation reaction enables a fast reduction of one-half V ions from V to V, followed by the insertion of one Na ion into the NASICON framework, which only takes 90 s to obtain the phase-pure NaV(PO) product.

Ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction of protein from Tenebrio molitor larvae: Extraction kinetics, physiochemical, and functional traits.

Currently, as a promising alternative protein source, the interest of edible insect protein has been continuously increased. However, the extraction processing had distinct effects on the physicochemical properties and functionalities of this novel and sustainable protein. In this study, Tenebrio molitor larvae protein (TMLP) was extracted via ultrasound (US)-assisted alkaline extraction.

Mechanisms underlying the effects of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction on the structural properties and in vitro digestibility of Tenebrio molitor larvae protein.

Edible insects have been considered as a sustainable and novel protein source to replace animal-derived proteins. The present study aimed to extract Tenebrio molitor larvae proteins (TMP) using ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAE). Effects of different UAE times (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min) on the structural properties and in vitro digestibility of TMP were comparatively investigated with the traditional alkaline extraction method.

Additive Effects of L-Arginine with Potassium Carbonate on the Quality Profile Promotion of Phosphate-Free Frankfurters.

The present study investigated the additive effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) with potassium carbonate (PC) on the quality characteristics of phosphate-free frankfurters. The results showed that L-Arg combined with PC could act as a viable phosphate replacer by decreasing cooking loss and improving the textural properties of phosphate-free frankfurters (p < 0.05), mainly because of its pH-raising ability.

Application of seaweed dietary fiber as a potential alternative to phosphates in frankfurters with healthier profiles.

This study was designed to investigate the utilization of seaweed dietary fiber (SDF) as a potential alternative to phosphates on the quality profiles of phosphate-free frankfurters. The results showed that the incorporation of SDF obviously promote the textural parameters of phosphate-free frankfurters, which was effectively verified by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, SDF effectively retarded lipid oxidation of phosphate-free frankfurters during storage (P < 0.

Paclitaxel-loaded ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes for drug-resistant cancer therapy by dual targeting of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.

Introduction: Inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) is a pivotal challenge for chemotherapy treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer. Although various targeted drug-delivery systems, including nanoparticles and liposomes, are effective for MDR cancer treatment, their efficacy is restricted by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: Ginsenosides Rg3 was used to formulate unique Rg3-based liposomes loaded with PTX to establish Rg3-PTX-LPs, which were prepared by the thin-film hydration method.

Comparative study of two types of pre-extraction treatment (drying or non-drying) on physicochemical, structural and functional properties of extracted insect proteins from larvae.

Microwave drying (MD) or freeze drying (FD) was commonly used as a drying treatment prior to the extraction of edible insect proteins. However, some quality defects (e.g.

Nigakinone alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis via regulating bile acid profile and FXR/NLRP3 signaling pathways.

The correlation of bile acid (BA) metabolism disorder with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is realized nowadays. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a controller for BA homeostasis and inflammation, is a promising target for UC therapy. Nigakinone has potential therapeutic effects on colitis.

Erythropoietin mediates re-programming of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages through PI3K/AKT signaling and protects mice against secondary infection.

Initial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure leads to a hypo-responsive state by macrophages to a secondary stimulation of LPS, known as endotoxin tolerance. However, recent findings show that functions of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages are not completely suppressed, whereas they undergo a functional re-programming process with upregulation of a panel of molecules leading to enhanced protective functions including antimicrobial and tissue-remodeling activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive.

Inhibition of NLRP3-mediated crosstalk between hepatocytes and liver macrophages by geniposidic acid alleviates cholestatic liver inflammatory injury.

The excessive accumulation of bile acids (BA) in hepatocytes can trigger inflammatory response and recruit macrophages, thereby accelerating cholestatic liver injury. The crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of cholestasis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that BA initiate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes to release proinflammatory cytokines and promote the communication between hepatocytes and macrophages, thus enhancing liver inflammation in an NLRP3-dependent manner.

Ultralow-Loading and High-Performing Ionic Liquid-Immobilizing Rhodium Single-Atom Catalysts for Hydroformylation.

We have developed a Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)-based ionic-liquid (IL)-immobilizing rhodium single-atom Rh catalyst (MTOA) [SiW O Rh] (MOTA=methyltrioctylammonium cation) that can afford exceptionally high catalytic activity for the hydroformylation of alkenes to produce aldehydes at an ultralow loading of Rh (ca. 3 ppm). For styrene hydroformylation, both the conversion and the yield of the aldehyde can reach almost 99 %, and a TOF as high as 9000 h was obtained without using any phosphine ligand in the reaction process.

Pre-dried mealworm larvae flour could partially replace lean meat in frankfurters: Effect of pre-drying methods and replacement ratios.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing different amounts (5%, 10%, and 15%) of lean meat with yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) flour (YMLF) obtained via two different pre-drying methods on the quality profiles of hybrid frankfurters. With the increasing replacement ratio, the cooking loss of the freeze-dried YMLF (FD-YMLF) groups gradually increased, whereas those of the microwave drying YMLF (MD-YMLF) groups were always better than those of the control group (P < 0.

Corrigendum: Autophagy Blockade by Ai Du Qing Formula Promotes Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Via GRP78/β-Catenin/ABCG2 Axis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.

Optimal setting strategy of electrocoagulation process in heavy metal wastewater treatment plant.

With the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies of various countries, the contradiction between the treatment cost and the purification degree of environmental pollutants has become increasingly significant, which has become a major factor restricting the efficient operation of wastewater treatment plants. Hence, keeping the ion concentration at the outlet as low as possible while reducing the cost are the main objectives of treating heavy metal wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) process. However, due to the complicated mechanism and uncertain production conditions, it is difficult to achieve those goals by manually setting the current through operators' experience.

Optimal sensor placement method for wastewater treatment plants based on discrete multi-objective state transition algorithm.

Parameters monitoring is essential to maintain the stability and efficiency of the wastewater treatment process, which has spurred ubiquitous installation of sensors in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As the rich process data of WWTPs is not effectively transformed into actionable knowledge for system optimization due to improper sensor installation, the sensor placement scheme needs to be optimized. In this paper, a weighted sensor placement optimization model based on sensor cost, information richness and reliability is established to transform the sensor optimization problem to a nonlinear mathematical programming problem.

Corrigendum: L. Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis by Inhibiting Late-Phase Autophagy via Hif-1α/Caveolin-1 Signaling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.

Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid conjugated with IR783 dye exhibits improved tumor-targeting and altered anti-breast cancer mechanisms in mice.

Ras has long been viewed as a promising target for cancer therapy. Farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), as the only Ras inhibitor has ever entered phase II clinical trials, has yielded disappointing results due to its strong hydrophobicity, poor tumor-targeting capacity, and low therapeutic efficiency. Thus, enhancing hydrophilicity and tumor-targeting capacity of FTS for improving its therapeutic efficacy is of great significance.

Emodin prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppression of CAMKII/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious threat to human health. Clinically, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered one of the most common contributors to AKI. Emodin has been reported to alleviate I/R injury in the heart, brain, and small intestine in rats and mice through its anti-inflammatory effects.

Improved effect of flaxseed gum on the weakened gelling properties of myofibrillar protein induced by catechin.

The effect of flaxseed gum (FG) on the weakened gelling properties of myofibrillar proteins (MP) induced by catechin was investigated. Different levels of FG and catechin were incorporated into MP and the chemical changes of MP were studied; MP emulsions and gels with different levels of FG and catechin were prepared and their properties were studied. Catechin promoted the loss of thiol and the exposure of the hydrophobic groups of MP and increased the particle size and apparent viscosity of emulsions, resulting in a poor gel network.

Autophagic Inhibition of Caveolin-1 by Compound L. Activates Ubiquitination and Proteasome Degradation of β-catenin to Suppress Metastasis of Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Compound L. (CP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for cancer treatment in the clinic, particularly during progression of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-associated HCC). Nevertheless, its anti-metastatic action and mechanisms are not well elucidated.