Global Regulator AdpA_1075 Regulates Morphological Differentiation and Ansamitocin Production in subsp. .

is a well-known producer of maytansinoid antibiotic ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3). Growth of in submerged culture was characterized by the formation of complex mycelial particles strongly affecting AP-3 production. However, the genetic determinants involved in mycelial morphology are poorly understood in this genus.

Two strategies to improve the supply of PKS extender units for ansamitocin P-3 biosynthesis by CRISPR-Cas9.

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum is a potent antitumor agent. However, lack of efficient genome editing tools greatly hinders the AP-3 overproduction in A. pretiosum.

[Reform and reflection of teaching microbiology in English].

Microbiology is a key basic professional course for all the students specializing in biology, biotechnology and related majors. To date, microbiology is mainly taught in Chinese within colleges and universities in China. Development of a microbiology course that is taught in English may satisfy the diversified learning needs of the students and promote the "Double First-Class" initiative.

Combination of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, genome shuffling and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) feeding to improve FK506 production in Streptomyces tsukubaensis.

FK506 is a clinically important macrocyclic polyketide with immunosuppressive activity produced by Streptomyces tsukubaensis. However, the production capacity of the strain is very low. To improve production, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis was adopted to get the initial strains used in genome shuffling (GS).

Improved AP-3 production through combined ARTP mutagenesis, fermentation optimization, and subsequent genome shuffling.

Ansamitocin (AP-3) is an ansamycins antibiotic isolated from Actinosynnema pretiosum and demonstrating high anti-tumor activity. To improve AP-3 production, the A. pretiosum ATCC 31565 strain was treated with atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP).

Lack of sphingomyelin synthase 2 reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting microglial inflammation in mice.

Recanalization of blood flow after ischemia can lead to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation plays an important role in the mechanisms behind cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) deficiency reduces inflammation; however, the effect and mechanism of action of SMS2 on the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury are still unclear. Wild-type (WT) and SMS2 knockout C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibition by Scriptaid on brain injury in neonatal rat models of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.

Background: Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage (HBID) can cause a series of neurological sequelae, such as movement and cognitive impairment, and there is currently no clinically effective treatment. Changes in epigenetic processes had been shown to be involved in the development of a series of neurodegenerative diseases, and HDAC inhibition by Scriptaid had been shown to reduce severe traumatic brain injury by suppressing inflammatory responses. This study investigated the protective effect of HDAC inhibition by Scriptaid after HBID.

Metabolomic change and pathway profiling reveal enhanced ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum with low organic nitrogen availability in culture medium.

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), a 19-membered polyketide macrocyclic lactam, has potent antitumor activity. Our previous study showed that a relatively low organic nitrogen concentration in culture medium could significantly improve AP-3 production of Actinosynnema pretiosum. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the possible reasons for this improvement through metabolomic and gene transcriptional analytical methods.

Heterozygous diploid structure of ZN1 contributes efficient biodetoxification on solid pretreated corn stover.

Background: Fast, complete, and ultimate removal of inhibitory compounds derived from lignocellulose pretreatment is the prerequisite for efficient production of cellulosic ethanol and biochemicals. Biodetoxification is the most promising method for inhibitor removal by its unique advantages. The biodetoxification mechanisms of a unique diploid fungus responsible for highly efficient biodetoxification in solid-state culture was extensively investigated in the aspects of cellular structure, genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and practical biodetoxification.

Influence of Al on the titer of spiramycin and effective components in fermentor.

Spiramycin is a multicomponent antibiotic, and different components have different antibacterial activities. In Streptomyces spiramyceticus 16-10-2, spiramycin II and spiramycin III (SPMII and SPMIII) are the main components, while spiramycin I (SPMI) needs to be controlled below 12%. Based on this, the influences of Al on total spiramycin titer and components were investigated in this work.

Effects of the Methylmalonyl-CoA Metabolic Pathway on Ansamitocin Production in Actinosynnema pretiosum.

Ansamitocins, which may have antitumor activity, are important secondary metabolites produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum sp. auranticum ATCC 31565. As one of the precursors for ansamitocin biosynthesis, methylmalonyl-CoA may be a critical metabolic node for secondary metabolism in A.

Effects of modulation of pentose-phosphate pathway on biosynthesis of ansamitocins in Actinosynnema pretiosum.

Ansamitocins, produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum, are a group of maytansinoid antibiotics that block the assembly of tubulin into functional microtubules. The precursors of ansamitocin biosynthesis are generally derived from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In this study, central carbon flux distributions were analyzed by (13)C-based flux analysis to reveal the contribution of individual central carbon metabolism pathways.

Enhancement of UDPG synthetic pathway improves ansamitocin production in Actinosynnem pretiosum.

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), an amacrocyclic lactam compound, is produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum. As a group of maytansinoid antibiotics, ansamitocins have an extraordinary antitumor activity by blocking the assembly of tubulin forming into functional microtubules. The biosynthesis of ansamitocins is initialized by the formation of UDP-glucose (UDPG) which is converted from glucose-1-phosphate (G1P).

Improvement of ansamitocin P-3 production by Actinosynnema mirum with fructose as the sole carbon source.

Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) is an active and potent anti-tumor maytansinoid, which is usually produced by Actinosynnema spp. In this study, the effects of different carbon sources on biomass and AP-3 production by Actinosynnema mirum were investigated. The results showed great biomass production behavior of A.

Simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch using commercial glucoamylase and the subsequent bioconversion to high titer sorbitol and gluconic acid.

A new bioprocess for production of sorbitol and gluconic acid from two low-cost feedstocks, inulin and cassava starch, using a commercially available enzyme was proposed in this study. The commercial glucoamylase GA-L NEW from Genencor was found to demonstrate a high inulinase activity for hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose. The glucoamylase was used to replace the expensive and not commercially available inulinase enzyme for simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch into high titer glucose and fructose hydrolysate.

Consolidated bioprocessing of highly concentrated Jerusalem artichoke tubers for simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation.

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of Jerusalem artichoke tuber (Jat) for ethanol production is one of the most promising options for an alternate biofuel technology development. The technical barriers include the weak saccharolytic enzyme (inulinase) activity of the fermentation strain, and the well mixing of the high viscous fermentation slurry at the highly concentrated Jat loading. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DQ1 was found to produce relatively large amount of inulinase for hydrolysis of inulin in Jat, and the helical ribbon stirring bioreactor used provided well mixing performance under the high Jat loading.

Screening of oleaginous yeast strains tolerant to lignocellulose degradation compounds.

High cost of triacylglycerol lipid feedstock is the major barrier for commercial production of biodiesel. The fermentation of oleaginous yeasts for lipid production using lignocellulose biomass provides a practical option with high economic competitiveness. In this paper, the typical oleaginous yeast strains were screened under the pressure of lignocellulose degradation compounds for selection of the optimal strains tolerant to lignocellulose.

Role of jasmonic acid in alteration of ginsenoside heterogeneity in elicited cell cultures of Panax notoginseng.

The efficient manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity of Panax notoginseng cells using a recently synthesized elicitor, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (HEJ, at 200 microM), has been reported. In this work, the activities of two enzymes related to ginsenoside heterogeneity (distribution), protopanaxdiol 6-hydroxylase (P6H) and UDPG-ginsenoside Rd glucosyltransferase (UGRdGT), were examined in cell cultures of P. notoginseng elicited by HEJ.

[Apoptosis and gene FasL expression induced by carbon disulfide in rat sertoli cells].

Objective: To study apoptosis and gene FasL expression induced by carbon disulfide in sertoli cells of male rats.

Methods: Sertoli cells were exposed to different concentrations of CS(2) (0, 0.36, 0.

[Antagonism of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in testis of male rats with carbon disulfide].

Objective: To study the antagonistic joint action of vitamin E (VE) lipid peroxidation of testis in the male rats with carbon disulfide (CS2).

Methods: 36 wistar male rats were randomly dicided into six groups. It took 10-week for the rats to breath CS2 in different concentrations (0, 50, 250 and 1250 mg/m3), respectively, CS2 (1250 mg/m3) with VE (250 mg/kg diet) and VE (250 mg/kg diet) group.

Responses of defense signals, biosynthetic gene transcription and taxoid biosynthesis to elicitation by a novel synthetic jasmonate in cell cultures of Taxus chinensis.

Recently novel synthetic jasmonate derivatives were shown to have very powerful stimulating effects on the biosynthesis of taxuyunnanine C (Tc) by Taxus chinensis cells (Biotech Bioeng, 86:595; ibid. 86: 809, 2004). To provide an insight into the elicitation mechanism of the newly synthesized elicitors, by taking 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (HEJ, at 100 microM) as a typical example, in this work the defense signals were detected and their influences on the expression of important genes in taxoid biosynthetic pathway were examined in cell cultures of T.