Wrist Arthroscopy-Assisted Reduction for Distal Radius Fracture and its Associated Injuries: Clinical Observation of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries.

Background: To compare the clinical effects between wrist arthroscopy-assisted open reduction plus internal fixation, using the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) as an example, and simple open reduction plus internal fixation in the treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs). The study aims to assess the efficacy of arthroscopic-assisted open reduction and internal fixation in treating distal radius fractures.

Methods: The study utilized a retrospective cohort research approach, involving 60 patients treated at Binzhou Medical University Hospital between August 2021 and October 2022.

Interplay between autophagy and CncC regulates dendrite pruning in .

Autophagy is essential for the turnover of damaged organelles and long-lived proteins. It is responsible for many biological processes such as maintaining brain functions and aging. Impaired autophagy is often linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases in humans.

The Equalization Losses: Gradient-Driven Training for Long-tailed Object Recognition.

Long-tail distribution is widely spread in real-world applications. Due to the extremely small ratio of instances, tail categories often show inferior accuracy. In this paper, we find such performance bottleneck is mainly caused by the imbalanced gradients, which can be categorized into two parts: (1) positive part, deriving from the samples of the same category, and (2) negative part, contributed by other categories.

Polycomb group genes are required for neuronal pruning in Drosophila.

Background: Pruning that selectively eliminates unnecessary or incorrect neurites is required for proper wiring of the mature nervous system. During Drosophila metamorphosis, dendritic arbourization sensory neurons (ddaCs) and mushroom body (MB) γ neurons can selectively prune their larval dendrites and/or axons in response to the steroid hormone ecdysone. An ecdysone-induced transcriptional cascade plays a key role in initiating neuronal pruning.

Drosophila GSK3β promotes microtubule disassembly and dendrite pruning in sensory neurons.

The evolutionarily conserved Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), a negative regulator of microtubules, is crucial for neuronal polarization, growth and migration during animal development. However, it remains unknown whether GSK3β regulates neuronal pruning, which is a regressive process. Here, we report that the Drosophila GSK3β homologue Shaggy (Sgg) is cell-autonomously required for dendrite pruning of ddaC sensory neurons during metamorphosis.

AMPK activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to govern dendrite pruning via the insulin pathway in Drosophila.

During Drosophila metamorphosis, the ddaC dendritic arborisation sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites in response to steroid hormone ecdysone signalling. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway acts downstream of ecdysone signalling to promote proteasomal degradation and thereby dendrite pruning. However, how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is activated remains largely unclear.

Drosophila CLASP regulates microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning by suppressing Par-1 kinase.

The evolutionarily conserved CLASPs (cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins) are microtubule-associated proteins that inhibit microtubule catastrophe and promote rescue. CLASPs can regulate axonal elongation and dendrite branching in growing neurons. However, their roles in microtubule orientation and neurite pruning in remodeling neurons remain unknown.

The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is activated by steroid hormone signaling to govern neuronal remodeling.

The evolutionarily conserved Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is a key antioxidant response pathway that protects cells/organisms against detrimental effects of oxidative stress. Impaired Nrf2 function is associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, the function of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in the developing nervous systems has not been established.

A systematic analysis of microtubule-destabilizing factors during dendrite pruning in Drosophila.

It has long been thought that microtubule disassembly, one of the earliest cellular events, contributes to neuronal pruning and neurodegeneration in development and disease. However, how microtubule disassembly drives neuronal pruning remains poorly understood. Here, we conduct a systematic investigation of various microtubule-destabilizing factors and identify exchange factor for Arf6 (Efa6) and Stathmin (Stai) as new regulators of dendrite pruning in ddaC sensory neurons during Drosophila metamorphosis.

Cannabinoids modulate food preference and consumption in Drosophila melanogaster.

Cannabinoids have an important role in regulating feeding behaviors via cannabinoid receptors in mammals. Cannabinoids also exhibit potential therapeutic functions in Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit fly that lacks cannabinoid receptors. However, it remains unclear whether cannabinoids affect food consumption and metabolism in a cannabinoid receptors-independent manner in flies.

The membrane protein Raw regulates dendrite pruning via the secretory pathway.

Neuronal pruning is essential for proper wiring of the nervous systems in invertebrates and vertebrates. ddaC sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites to sculpt the nervous system during early metamorphosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ddaC dendrite pruning remain elusive.

The AMPK-PP2A axis in insect fat body is activated by 20-hydroxyecdysone to antagonize insulin/IGF signaling and restrict growth rate.

In insects, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) limits the growth period by triggering developmental transitions; 20E also modulates the growth rate by antagonizing insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Previous work has shown that 20E cross-talks with IIS, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we found that, in both the silkworm and the fruit fly , 20E antagonized IIS through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis in the fat body and suppressed the growth rate.

A microtubule polymerase is required for microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning in Drosophila.

Drosophila class IV ddaC neurons selectively prune all larval dendrites to refine the nervous system during metamorphosis. During dendrite pruning, severing of proximal dendrites is preceded by local microtubule (MT) disassembly. Here, we identify an unexpected role of Mini spindles (Msps), a conserved MT polymerase, in governing dendrite pruning.

Protein phosphatase PP2A regulates microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning in Drosophila.

Pruning that selectively eliminates inappropriate projections is crucial for sculpting neural circuits during development. During Drosophila metamorphosis, ddaC sensory neurons undergo dendrite-specific pruning in response to the steroid hormone ecdysone. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dendrite pruning remains incomplete.

CRL4Mahj E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes neural stem cell reactivation.

The ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) to transit between quiescence and proliferation is crucial for brain development and homeostasis. Drosophila Hippo pathway maintains NSC quiescence, but its regulation during brain development remains unknown. Here, we show that CRL4Mahj, an evolutionarily conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase, is essential for NSC reactivation (exit from quiescence).

The Integrator Complex Prevents Dedifferentiation of Intermediate Neural Progenitors back into Neural Stem Cells.

Mutations of the Integrator subunits are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cancers. However, their role during neural development is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila Integrator complex prevents dedifferentiation of intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) during neural stem cell (neuroblast) lineage development.

Patronin governs minus-end-out orientation of dendritic microtubules to promote dendrite pruning in .

Unlabelled: Class IV ddaC neurons specifically prune larval dendrites without affecting axons during metamorphosis. ddaCs distribute the minus ends of microtubules (MTs) to dendrites but the plus ends to axons. However, a requirement of MT minus-end-binding proteins in dendrite-specific pruning remains completely unknown.

Prd1 associates with the clathrin adaptor α-Adaptin and the kinesin-3 Imac/Unc-104 to govern dendrite pruning in Drosophila.

Refinement of the nervous system depends on selective removal of excessive axons/dendrites, a process known as pruning. Drosophila ddaC sensory neurons prune their larval dendrites via endo-lysosomal degradation of the L1-type cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM), Neuroglian (Nrg). Here, we have identified a novel gene, pruning defect 1 (prd1), which governs dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons.

Yif1 associates with Yip1 on Golgi and regulates dendrite pruning in sensory neurons during metamorphosis.

Pruning that selectively removes unnecessary neurites without causing neuronal death is essential for sculpting the mature nervous system during development. In , ddaC sensory neurons specifically prune their larval dendrites with intact axons during metamorphosis. However, the important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in dendrite pruning remains unknown.

Sec71 functions as a GEF for the small GTPase Arf1 to govern dendrite pruning of sensory neurons.

Pruning, whereby neurons eliminate their excess neurites, is central for the maturation of the nervous system. In , sensory neurons, ddaCs, selectively prune their larval dendrites without affecting their axons during metamorphosis. However, it is unknown whether the secretory pathway plays a role in dendrite pruning.

Genetic or pharmacological activation of the Drosophila PGC-1α ortholog spargel rescues the disease phenotypes of genetic models of Parkinson's disease.

Despite intensive research, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood and the disease remains incurable. However, compelling evidence gathered over decades of research strongly support a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. Related to this, PGC-1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, has recently been proposed to be an attractive target for intervention in PD.

Rbf Regulates Drosophila Spermatogenesis via Control of Somatic Stem and Progenitor Cell Fate in the Larval Testis.

The Drosophila testis has been fundamental to understanding how stem cells interact with their endogenous microenvironment, or niche, to control organ growth in vivo. Here, we report the identification of two independent alleles for the highly conserved tumor suppressor gene, Retinoblastoma-family protein (Rbf), in a screen for testis phenotypes in X chromosome third-instar lethal alleles. Rbf mutant alleles exhibit overproliferation of spermatogonial cells, which is phenocopied by the molecularly characterized Rbf null allele.