Small molecule ONC201 inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages via FOXO3a and TRAIL.

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), eradication of HIV-1 from brain reservoirs remains elusive. HIV-1 brain reservoirs include perivascular macrophages that are behind the blood-brain barrier and difficult to access by ART. Macrophages express transcription factor FOXO3a and the TNF superfamily cytokine TRAIL, which are known to target HIV-1-infected macrophages for viral inhibition.

[Not Available].

Propofol is an established anesthetic widely used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. We investigated propofol for its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and found that propofol treatment is associated with substantial lower levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in immune activated microglia. Importantly, EVs collected from immune activated microglia reversed propofol-mediated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, suggesting that propofol reduces proinflammatory microglia activation and microglia-mediated neurotoxicity through inhibition of EV release.

[Changes of immunologic parameters in patients with simple bone metastases treated with 89SrCl2].

Objective: To investigate the influence of (89)SrCl(2) (strontium-89 chloride) on immune functions in patients with simple bone metastases.

Methods: Twenty-five patients diagnosed as simple bone metastases with un-detectable primary tumors were treated with (89)SrCl(2). The CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocyte subsets were assessed before and after (89)SrCl(2) treatment.

Serum concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-alpha in patients with painful bone metastases: correlation with responses to 89SrCl2 therapy.

Unlabelled: We have used 89SrCl2 for the palliative treatment of painful bone metastases from various malignant diseases. We studied the correlation between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and the response to 89SrCl2 therapy.

Methods: Forty-two patients (24 men and 18 women) were treated intravenously with 89SrCl2 at a dose of 148 MBq (4 mCi).