S1R mediates NRF2 dependent ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells to promote renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy.

: Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a key pathological aspect of diabetic nephropathy (DN) linked to reduced kidney function. Recent research has identified varied functions of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) in the pathological fibrosis processes of cardiac, pulmonary, and trabecular meshwork tissues. Nonetheless, the specific roles of S1R in renal fibrosis remain inadequately understood.