Long-Term Outcomes After Cyberknife Radiosurgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

Background And Objectives: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been widely adopted as an important adjunctive treatment modality for managing nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). However, current studies on the long-term effects of SRS on pituitary adenomas have been largely limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of SRS for NFPAs.

Comparison of Two Modern Survival Prediction Tools, SORG-MLA and METSSS, in Patients With Symptomatic Long-bone Metastases Who Underwent Local Treatment With Surgery Followed by Radiotherapy and With Radiotherapy Alone.

Background: Survival estimation for patients with symptomatic skeletal metastases ideally should be made before a type of local treatment has already been determined. Currently available survival prediction tools, however, were generated using data from patients treated either operatively or with local radiation alone, raising concerns about whether they would generalize well to all patients presenting for assessment. The Skeletal Oncology Research Group machine-learning algorithm (SORG-MLA), trained with institution-based data of surgically treated patients, and the Metastases location, Elderly, Tumor primary, Sex, Sickness/comorbidity, and Site of radiotherapy model (METSSS), trained with registry-based data of patients treated with radiotherapy alone, are two of the most recently developed survival prediction models, but they have not been tested on patients whose local treatment strategy is not yet decided.

Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Ependymoma Receiving Radiotherapy: A Single Institution Experience.

Introduction: This study explored the failure pattern and clinical outcomes in patients with ependymoma undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2022, we included 32 patients with ependymoma who underwent radiotherapy as part of the multimodality treatment at our institution. Of these, 27 (84.

Delay of Surgery for Spinal Metastasis due to the COVID-19 Outbreak Affected Patient Outcomes.

Objective: The present study is to analyze the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 2019) outbreak and the subsequent lockdown on the outcomes of spinal metastasis patients.

Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. All patients underwent surgical intervention for spinal metastases between January 2019 and December 2021 and had at least 3 months of postoperative follow-up.

Hybridization Protection Reaction for Sensitive and Robust Gene Expression Profiling of Clinical Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples.

Background: RNA profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues for the molecular diagnostics of disease prognosis or treatment response is often irreproducible and limited to a handful of biomarkers. This has led to an unmet need for robust multiplexed assays that can profile several RNA biomarkers of interest using a limited amount of specimen. Here, we describe hybridization protection reaction (HPR), which is a novel RNA profiling approach with high reproducibility.

Prognostication and optimal criteria of circumferential margin involvement for esophageal cancer after chemoradiation and esophagectomy.

Purpose: Circumferential radial margin (CRM) involvement by tumor after resection for esophageal cancer has been suggested as a significant prognostic factor. However, the prognostic value of CRM involvement after surgery with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of and survival outcomes in CRM involvement as defined by the Royal College of Pathologists (RCP) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant CCRT and esophagectomy.

Does the Presence of Missing Data Affect the Performance of the SORG Machine-learning Algorithm for Patients With Spinal Metastasis? Development of an Internet Application Algorithm.

Background: The Skeletal Oncology Research Group machine-learning algorithm (SORG-MLA) was developed to predict the survival of patients with spinal metastasis. The algorithm was successfully tested in five international institutions using 1101 patients from different continents. The incorporation of 18 prognostic factors strengthens its predictive ability but limits its clinical utility because some prognostic factors might not be clinically available when a clinician wishes to make a prediction.

Topoisomerase I Inhibition Radiosensitizing Hepatocellular Carcinoma by RNF144A-mediated DNA-PKcs Ubiquitination and Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity.

Background And Aims: Topoisomerase I (TOP1) participates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) upon radiation therapy (RT). RNF144A mediates ubiquitination of catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), a critical factor in DSB repair. This study aimed to investigate the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated radiosensitization with TOP1 inhibition and the mechanism by DNA-PKcs/RNF144A.

Radiosensitization effect by HDAC inhibition improves NKG2D-dependent natural killer cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) controls HCC unsatisfactorily and temporarily. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) is a heterogeneous group of epigenetic therapeutics with promising anticancer effects and synergism in combination with RT.

Prognostic significance of lab data and performance comparison by validating survival prediction models for patients with spinal metastases after radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Well-performing survival prediction models (SPMs) help patients and healthcare professionals to choose treatment aligning with prognosis. This retrospective study aims to investigate the prognostic impacts of laboratory data and to compare the performances of Metastases location, Elderly, Tumor primary, Sex, Sickness/comorbidity, and Site of radiotherapy (METSSS) model, New England Spinal Metastasis Score (NESMS), and Skeletal Oncology Research Group machine learning algorithm (SORG-MLA) for spinal metastases (SM).

Materials And Methods: From 2010 to 2018, patients who received radiotherapy (RT) for SM at a tertiary center were enrolled and the data were retrospectively collected.

Clinical outcomes for patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma after undergoing different front-line chemotherapy regimens.

Background: Front-line platinum-base chemotherapy for advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC) improves resectability and prolongs patients' overall survival (OS). In this study, we evaluated patients' outcomes given different front-line regimens: cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CAP); cisplatin and etoposide (EP); or cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients with advanced thymoma and TC who were treated at our medical center between 2005 and 2015.

Kinetics and Mechanism of In Situ Metallization of Bulk DNA Films.

DNA-templated metallization is broadly investigated in the fabrication of metallic structures by virtue of the unique DNA-metal ion interaction. However, current DNA-templated synthesis is primarily carried out based on pure DNA in an aqueous solution. In this study, we present in situ synthesis of metallic structures in a natural DNA complex bulk film by UV light irradiation, where the growth of silver particles is resolved by in situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering and dielectric spectroscopy.

The intracranial tumor segmentation challenge: Contour tumors on brain MRI for radiosurgery.

We report the set-up of the Intracranial Tumor Segmentation (ICTS) dataset. This dataset was retrieved from clinical work of radiosurgery, contoured by qualified neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists. It contains contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images of 1500 patients, together with the labels of tumors to be treated.

Preclinical evaluation of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin as an effective radiosensitizer in chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer.

Purpose: Development of a safe and effective systemic chemotherapeutic agent for concurrent administration with definitive thoracic radiotherapy remains a major goal of lung cancer management. The synergistic effect of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and irradiation was evaluated in lung cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: In vitro radiosensitization of A549 and LLC cell lines was evaluated by colony formation assay, γH2AX fluorescent staining and western blot assay, and annexin V staining.

Peri-radiosurgical administration of bevacizumab improves radiographic response to single and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for large brain metastasis.

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a standard of care for brain metastases (BM) patients, yet large BM are at a greater risk for radionecrosis and local progression (LP). Concomitant bevacizumab and radiotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in primary and metastatic brain tumors. This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of concurrent bevacizumab and SRS for large BM.

Design of a motion simulation system to assist respiratory gating for radiation therapy.

Unlabelled: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) aims to deliver high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors in less than or equal to 6 fractions. However, organ motion during treatment is a challenging issue for this kind of technique. We develop a control system via Bluetooth technology to simulate and correct body motion during SABR.

Randomized multi-reader evaluation of automated detection and segmentation of brain tumors in stereotactic radiosurgery with deep neural networks.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), a validated treatment for brain tumors, requires accurate tumor contouring. This manual segmentation process is time-consuming and prone to substantial inter-practitioner variability. Artificial intelligence (AI) with deep neural networks have increasingly been proposed for use in lesion detection and segmentation but have seldom been validated in a clinical setting.

Circulating Exosomal Integrin β3 Is Associated with Intracranial Failure and Survival in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Cranial Irradiation for Brain Metastases: A Prospective Observational Study.

Brain metastasis (BM) is a major problem in patients with cancer. Exosomes or extracellular vesicles (EV) and integrins contribute to the development of BM, and exosomal integrins have been shown to determine organotropic metastasis. We hypothesized that circulating EV integrins are able to influence the failure patterns and outcomes in patients treated for BM.

A retrospective study of clinicopathologic and molecular features of inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy.

Background/purpose: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the treatment of choice for medically inoperable, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC). The influence of oncogenic driver alterations and comorbidities are not well known. Here we present treatment outcomes based on clinicopathologic features and molecular profiles.

Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy without memantine in preserving neurocognitive function for brain metastases: a phase II blinded randomized trial.

Background: Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) shows potential for neurocognitive preservation. This study aimed to evaluate whether HA-WBRT or conformal WBRT (C-WBRT) is better for preserving neurocognitive function.

Methods: This single-blinded randomized phase II trial enrolled patients with brain metastases and randomly assigned them to receive HA-WBRT or C-WBRT.

Precision radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Precision medicine is becoming the standard of care in anti-cancer treatment. The personalized precision management of cancer patients highly relies on the improvement of new technology in next generation sequencing and high-throughput big data processing for biological and radiographic information.Systemic precision cancer therapy has been developed for years.

Clinical outcomes and toxicity predictors of thoracic re-irradiation for locoregionally recurrent lung cancer.

Background And Purpose: Thoracic re-irradiation may be an alternative treatment for lung cancer patients who develop intrathoracic locoregional recurrence without systemic progression. This study aimed to retrospectively assess locoregional control, clinical outcomes, and toxicities in lung cancer patients who received thoracic re-irradiation.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 50 lung cancer patients who received thoracic re-irradiation using conventional photon radiotherapy (RT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) between 2009 and 2017.