Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo ().

Introduction: Immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to the nomenclature for all antibody proteins produced by B lymphocytes. The genetic locus encoding Ig is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. Despite the critical role of buffaloes as livestock and their significance in disease transmission, the Ig loci of this species have not been thoroughly annotated.

HTS and scRNA-seq revealed that the location and RSS quality of the mammalian TRBV and TRBJ genes impact biased rearrangement.

The quality of Recombination signal sequences (RSSs), location, and genetics of mammalian V, D, and J genes synergistically affect the recombination frequency of genes; however, the specific regulatory mechanism and efficiency have not been elucidated. By taking advantage of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to investigate V(D)J rearrangement characteristics in the CDR3 repertoire, we found that the distal and proximal V genes (or J genes) "to D" gene were involved in rearrangement significantly more frequently than the middle V genes (or J genes) in the TRB locus among various species, including Primates (human and rhesus monkey), Rodentia (BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Kunming mice), Artiodactyla (buffalo), and Chiroptera (Rhinolophus affinis). The RSS quality of the V and J genes affected their frequency in rearrangement to varying degrees, especially when the V-RSSs with recombination signal information content (RIC) score < -45 significantly reduced the recombination frequency of the V gene.

Ruminant livestock TR V(D)J genes and CDR3 repertoire.

Ruminant livestock exhibit certain immune characteristics that make them valuable models for studying T cell receptor diversity and immune responses. This resistance is attributed to their well-developed immune system, comprising both innate and adaptive components. In this review, we delve into the intricate workings of the immune system of ruminant livestock, focusing on innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

The reverse TRBV30 gene of mammals: a defect or superiority in evolution?

At the 3' end of the C2 gene in the mammalian TRB locus, a distinct reverse TRBV30 gene (named TRBV31 in mice) has been conserved throughout evolution. In the fully annotated TRB locus of 14 mammals (including six orders), we observed noteworthy variations in the localization and quality of the reverse V30 genes and Recombination Signal Sequences (RSSs) in the gene trees of 13 mammals. Conversely, the forward V29 genes and RSSs were generally consistent with the species tree of their corresponding species.

The T-cell receptor β chain CDR3 insights of bovine liver immune repertoire under heat stress.

Objective: The liver plays a dual role in regulating temperature and immune responses. Examining the influence of heat stress (HS) on liver T cells contributes significantly to understanding the intricate interplay between the immune system and hepatic tissues under thermal stress. This study focused on investigating the characteristics of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain CDR3 repertoire in bovine liver samples under both HS and pairfed (PF) environmental conditions.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of the biodegradable polyester monomer 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid.

2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a chemically stable pseudo-aromatic dicarboxylic acid, is a promising building block compound for manufacturing biodegradable polyesters. This study aimed to construct high-performance cell factories enabling the efficient production of PDC from glucose. Firstly, the effective enzymes of the PDC biosynthetic pathway were overexpressed on the chromosome of the 3-dehydroshikimate overproducing strain.

[Green biosynthesis of chiral pharmaceutical chemicals].

In nature, chirality is a common phenomenon and closely related to life, also significantly influences the properties of the substance. The chemical synthesis of chiral pharmaceutical chemicals has encountered challenges such as poor atom economy and process economy, serious environmental pollution and waste of the resource. The biosynthesis route has the advantages of high selectivity and environmental-friendliness.

Metabolic engineering of fast-growing Vibrio natriegens for efficient pyruvate production.

Background: Pyruvate is a widely used value-added chemical which also serves as a hub of various metabolic pathways. The fastest-growing bacterium Vibrio natriegens is a promising chassis for synthetic biology applications with high substrate uptake rates. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high substrate uptake rates of V.

Multi-step biosynthesis of the biodegradable polyester monomer 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid from glucose.

Background: 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a chemically stable pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acid, represents a promising building block for the manufacture of biodegradable polyesters. Microbial production of PDC has been extensively investigated, but low titers and yields have limited industrial applications.

Results: In this study, a multi-step biosynthesis strategy for the microbial production of PDC was demonstrated using engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts.

[Heterogeneous expression of DOPA decarboxylase to improve the production of dopamine in Escherichia coli].

Dopamine is the precursor of a variety of natural antioxidant compounds. In the body, dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter that regulates a variety of physiological functions of the central nervous system. Thus, dopamine is used for the clinical treatment of various types of shock.

Stress tolerance enhancement via SPT15 base editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in traditional brewing and modern fermentation industries to produce biofuels, chemicals and other bioproducts, but challenged by various harsh industrial conditions, such as hyperosmotic, thermal and ethanol stresses. Thus, its stress tolerance enhancement has been attracting broad interests. Recently, CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology offers unprecedented tools to explore genetic modifications and performance improvement of S.

[Advances in the microbial synthesis of aromatic fragrance molecules].

Aromatic compounds make up a large part of fragrances and are traditionally produced by chemical synthesis and direct extraction from plants. Chemical synthesis depends on petroleum resources and has disadvantages such as causing environment pollutions and harsh reaction conditions. Due to the low content of aromatic compounds in plants and the low yield of direct extraction, plant extractions require large amounts of plant resources that occupy arable land.

[Advances in metabolic engineering for the production of aromatic chemicals].

Metabolic engineering has been developed for nearly 30 years since the early 1990s, and it has given a great impetus to microbial strain breeding and improvement. Aromatic chemicals are a variety of important chemicals that can be produced by microbial fermentation and are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and material industry. Microbial cells can be engineered to accumulate a variety of useful aromatic chemicals in a targeted manner through rational engineering of the biosynthetic pathways of shikimate and the derived aromatic amino acids.

[Construction of seamless genome editing system for fast-growing Vibrio natriegens].

Recently, fast-growing Vibrio natriegens, as the great potential chassis, has shown a wide application in synthetic biology. Genome editing is an indispensable tool for genetic modification in synthetic biology. However, genome editing tools with high efficiency and fidelity are still to be developed for V.

[Directed evolution of tyrosine ammonia-lyase to improve the production of p-coumaric acid in Escherichia coli].

p-coumaric acid is an important natural phenolic compound with a variety of pharmacological activities, and also a precursor for the biosynthesis of many natural compounds. It is widely used in foods, cosmetics and medicines. Compared with the chemical synthesis and plant extraction, microbial production of p-coumaric acid has many advantages, such as energy saving and emission reduction.

Design and Reconstruction of Regulatory Parts for Fast-frowing Synthetic Biology.

The fast-growing is an attractive robust chassis for diverse synthetic biology applications. However, lacks the suitable constitutive regulatory parts for precisely tuning the gene expression and, thus, recapitulating physiologically relevant changes in gene expression levels. In this study, we designed, constructed, and screened the synthetic regulatory parts by varying the promoter region and ribosome binding site element for with different transcriptional or translational strengths, respectively.

CASC11 Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis and Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Ovarian Carcinoma.

Introduction: It is known that CASC11 can promote colorectal cancer. However, the function of CASC11 in ovarian carcinoma (OC) remains elusive.

Methods: In this study, we measured the expression levels of CASC11 and miR-182 in both OC and healthy control samples by performing qPCR.

Functions of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus that is widely used in traditional medicine. Fungal PacC is recognized as an important transcription factor that functions during adaptation to environmental pH, fungal development and secondary metabolism. Previous studies have revealed that GlPacC plays important roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis.

Clinical outcomes of hysteroscopy-assisted transvaginal repair of cesarean scar defect.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate comparative clinical outcomes of hysteroscopy-assisted transvaginal repair in the treatment of cesarean scar defect (CSD) in patients desirous of conceiving again.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 63 patients with CSD who were treated at Beijing Hospital between January 2014 and January 2016. Patients were divided into the hysteroscopic electrocauterization group (electrocauterization group, n = 28) and hysteroscopy-assisted transvaginal repair group (transvaginal group, n = 35).

Effects (MACE and bleeding events) of ticagrelor combined with omeprazole on patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ticagrelor combined with omeprazole on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Eighty-six patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI in Xinxiang Central Hospital between July 2015 and December 2016 were included and divided randomly into the observation group and the control group by the draw, with 43 patients in each group. All patients were routinely treated with dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus ticagrelor.

Long non-coding RNA-OIS1 inhibits HPV-positive, but not HPV-negative cervical squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating MTK-1.

Long non-coding RNA-oncogene-induced senescence 1 (lncRNA-OIS1) is a novel lncRNA that is involved in oncogene-induced senescence, while its functionality in cervical squamous cell carcinoma is unknown. In the present study, 68 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and 22 HPV-negative patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were recruited. Additionally, 40 healthy females were employed as healthy controls.

Long non-coding RNA UCA1 modulates the glycolysis of cervical cancer cells by miR-493-5p/HK2.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with tumor development and progression. LncRNA UCA1 (UCA1) recently has been reported to take part in cancer cell proliferation. However, the expression and underlying molecular mechanism of UCA1 in cervical cancer cell glycolysis is unclear.

Ethylene promotes mycelial growth and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ethylene, in the form of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), on mycelial growth and ganoderic acid (GA) accumulation in the higher basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum.

Results: Treatment with both 10 and 15 mM ethephon enhanced the growth of G. lucidum on solid CYM plates and in CYM liquid medium.

The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC regulates mycelial growth, fruiting body development, and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum.

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal macrofungus that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Nonetheless, the scarcity of basic biological studies of this organism has hindered the further development of its commercial value. The pH-responsive transcription factor PacC/Rim101 governs the adaptation to environmental pH, the development and the secondary metabolism of many fungi.

The bacterial lipopeptide iturins induce Verticillium dahliae cell death by affecting fungal signalling pathways and mediate plant defence responses involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.

Verticillium wilt in cotton caused by Verticillium dahliae is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide. Because no known fungicides or cotton cultivars provide sufficient protection against this pathogen, V. dahliae causes major crop yield losses.