Unveiling the double-well energy landscape in a ferroelectric layer.

The properties of ferroelectric materials, which were discovered almost a century ago, have led to a huge range of applications, such as digital information storage, pyroelectric energy conversion and neuromorphic computing. Recently, it was shown that ferroelectrics can have negative capacitance, which could improve the energy efficiency of conventional electronics beyond fundamental limits. In Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory, this negative capacitance is directly related to the double-well shape of the ferroelectric polarization-energy landscape, which was thought for more than 70 years to be inaccessible to experiments.

Lanthanum-Doped Hafnium Oxide: A Robust Ferroelectric Material.

Recently simulation groups have reported the lanthanide series elements as the dopants that have the strongest effect on the stabilization of the ferroelectric non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase in hafnium oxide. This finding confirms experimental results for lanthanum and gadolinium showing the highest remanent polarization values of all hafnia-based ferroelectric films until now. However, no comprehensive overview that links structural properties to the electrical performance of the films in detail is available for lanthanide-doped hafnia.

Association between filial responsibility when caring for parents and the caregivers overload.

Objective:: To analyze the association between filial responsibility and the overload of the children when caring for their older parents.

Method:: Cross-sectional study with 100 caregiver children of older adults. Filial liability was assessed by the attitudes of the responsible child (scale of expectation and filial duty) and by care behaviors (assistance in activities of daily living, emotional and financial support, and keeping company).

Surface and grain boundary energy as the key enabler of ferroelectricity in nanoscale hafnia-zirconia: a comparison of model and experiment.

The unexpected ferroelectric properties of nanoscale hafnia-zirconia are considered to be promising for a wealth of applications including ferroelectric memory, field effect transistors, and energy-related applications. However, the reason why the unexpected ferroelectric Pca2 phase can be stabilized has not been clearly understood although numerous extensive theoretical and experimental results have been reported recently. The ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is not a stable phase under processing conditions from the viewpoint of bulk free energy.

Needs of family caregivers in home care for older adults.

Objective: to reveal the felt and normative needs of primary family caregivers when providing instrumental support to older adults enrolled in a Home Care Program in a Primary Health Service in the South of Brazil.

Methods: using Bradshaw's taxonomy of needs to explore the caregiver's felt needs (stated needs) and normative needs (defined by professionals), a mixed exploratory study was conducted in three steps: Descriptive quantitative phase with 39 older adults and their caregiver, using a data sheet based on patient records; Qualitative exploratory phase that included 21 caregiver interviews, analyzed by content analysis; Systematic observation, using an observation guide with 16 caregivers, analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results: the felt needs were related to information about instrumental support activities and subjective aspects of care.

Effect of Zr Content on the Wake-Up Effect in Hf1-xZrxO2 Films.

In this study, the changes in the structural and electrical properties of ferroelectric Hf1-xZrxO2 films with various Zr contents (0.26-0.70) were systematically examined during electric field cycling, resulting in a "wake-up" effect.

Elderly families of South of Brazil in the Health Strategy.

Objective: to characterize families and health status of the elderly in the Family Health Strategy and to verify the association of family composition with sociodemographic characteristics and health of the elderly.

Method: population-based study with 215 families and 266 elderly, linked to the Family Health Strategy from a city of Rio Grande do Sul state.

Results: there was predominance of nuclear family composition, considered as the main source of informal support, families of female elderly (62.

Adaptation and validation of the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of elderly individuals.

Objective: to adapt and validate the Caregiver Burden Inventory for use with caregivers of older adults in Brazil.

Method: methodological study involving initial translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee review, pre-testing, submission of the final version to the original authors, and assessment of the inventory's psychometric properties. The inventory assesses five dimensions of caregiver burden: time-dependence, developmental, physical, social and emotional dimensions.

[The surgical treatment of knee joint extensor muscle contractures].

It is reported about the results after operative mobilization of knee joint in 19 patients with contractures of extension muscles of knee joints. After operative arthrolysis and/or Payr-Plasty the range of motion has increased on average from 23 degrees to 92 degrees (a relative gain of 52%). Patients with traumatic knee contracture of extension muscle achieved an improvement in the range of movement on average by 76 degrees, whereas those with contracture due to infection improved on average by only 43 degrees.

[Previous experience with subcapital femoral neck osteotomy in severe cases of epiphysiolysis capitis femoris].

In severe cases of epiphyseolysis capitis femoris the high-grade dislocation of the epiphysis near the deformation is corrected by subcapital femoral neck osteotomy. In the period from 1976-1986 the subcapital femoral neck osteotomy was carried out ten times at the Department for Orthopaedic Surgery of Martin-Luther-University Halle. Our own operative procedures as well as the results achieved are represented.

[Arthrodesis as an alternative in infected knee arthroplasty].

There is reported on ten arthrodeses after infected knee arthroplasty, nine of these were completely built through after 4.4 months on the average. The fixation and stabilization of the arthrodeses were carried out by means of fixateur externe.

[Specialized and interdisciplinary team work in rheumatology].

The large number of rheumatic diseases demands a clear differentiation between the individual forms of diseases. For this purpose are at first necessary knowledge concerning clinical criteria and in the second place knowledge about serological and radiological examinations. The serological programme shall be relevant to practice, consist of a basis diagnostics and for particular differential-diagnostic problems shall include specialized laboratory investigations.

[Liver glycogen of the Wistar rat in experimental chronic cadmium intoxication under seasonal conditions].

Male Wistar-rats were used to investigate the liver glycogen pattern quantitatively under normal conditions and after oral application of CdCl2 (dosage: 50 ppm or 150 ppm) solved in drinking-water. The duration of the experiment was 1,3,6, or 12 month. The control animals have the lowest liver glycogen content at the beginning of the spring.

[Heavy metal pattern in the liver of Wistar rats in experimental chronic cadmium poisoning].

Male young and adult Wistar-rats were used to investigate the heavy metal pattern of the liver after application of CdCl2 (dosage: 50 ppm or 150 ppm) solved in the drinking-water. The duration of the experiment was 1, 3, 6, or 12 month. Under these conditions, an increasing accumulation of heavy metal storages in the liver was obtained.

[Evaluation of the mineral content of peripheral bones (radius) by photon-absorption technique in normals as well as in patients with various types of bone diseases (author's transl)].

The evaluation of the mineral content of peripheral bones by measuring the photon absorption of the radius has proven to be a valuable method for routine clinical work: for diagnosis, follow-up and control of therapy. While there was a significant difference in the findings of normal persons compared with those of patients suffering from osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta and skeletal fluorosis, there was no difference between normals and these patients suffering from Bechterew, Scheuermann, coxarthrosis, spondylosis, skoliosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Normal values for the mineral content and width or the radius at the junction of the middle and lower third--based on 8000 examinations--are mentioned.

[Bone mineral content determination by the photon absorption technic in chronic non-occupational fluoride exposure].

Bone mineral content and bone width of radius were examined by use of bone mineral analyser in persons with long-term nonoccupational fluoride exposition. Investigations took place in 275 female and 194 male without professional fluoride influence. Comparison with normal values showed no significant differences after fluoride exposition.