Synthetic biology approaches to improve tolerance of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Increasing attention is being focused on using lignocellulose for valuable products. Microbial decomposition can convert lignocellulose into renewable biofuels and other high-value bioproducts, contributing to sustainable development. However, the presence of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates can negatively affect microorganisms during fermentation.

Manifold Learning-Based Common Spatial Pattern for EEG Signal Classification.

EEG signal classification using Riemannian manifolds has shown great potential. However, the huge computational cost associated with Riemannian metrics poses challenges for applying Riemannian methods, particularly in high-dimensional feature data. To address these, we propose an efficient ensemble method called MLCSP-TSE-MLP, which aims to reduce the computational cost while achieving superior performance.

Emerging nonmodel eukaryotes for biofuel production.

Microbial synthesis of biofuels offers a promising solution to the global environmental and energy concerns. However, the main challenge of microbial cell factories is their high fermentation costs. Model hosts, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically used for proof-of-concept studies of producing different types of biofuels, however, they have a limited potential for biofuel production at an industrially relevant scale due to the weak stability/robustness and narrow substrate scope.

Binding characteristics of calpastatin domain L to Na1.5 sodium channel and its IQ motif mutants.

Na1.5 channel is an integral membrane protein involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials. IQ motif is located in the C-terminal domain of Na1.

Nucleosome Assembly and Disassembly Are Governed by Chemical Kinetic Principles.

As the elementary unit of eukaryotic chromatin, nucleosomes are highly dynamic in many biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, or transcription, to allow the necessary factors to gain access to their substrate. The dynamic mechanism of nucleosome assembly and disassembly has not been well described thus far. We proposed a chemical kinetic model of nucleosome assembly and disassembly .

The mathematical expression of damage law of museum lighting on dyed artworks.

Dyed artworks are highly sensitive to light and are easily affected by museum lighting, resulting in irreversible permanent color damage such as fading and discoloration. Exposure, light source spectrum and material properties are the three indicators causing damage to artworks. Therefore, it is the basis for effective lighting protection to reveal the quantitative influence of exposure and light source spectrum composition on the damage degree of different pigments and establish a mathematical model that can accurately express the above rules.

Raman spectroscopy-based method for evaluating LED illumination-induced damage to pigments in high-light-sensitivity art.

Because commonly used organic pigments are highly responsive to visible light, high-light-sensitivity art is vulnerable to irreversible illumination-induced damage caused by radiation from light sources. With application of the four primary white light-emitting diodes (fp-WLEDs) in museums, it is urgent to evaluate the illumination-induced damage to high-light-sensitivity art caused by the fp-WLEDs. Four narrowband LEDs with different peak wavelengths of 450, 510, 583, and 650 nm that constitute the spectra of the fp-WLEDs were used to irradiate three commonly used organic pigments: safflower, gamboge, and indigo.

The affinity of DNA sequences containing R5Y5 motif and TA repeats with 10.5-bp periodicity to histone octamer in vitro.

Nucleosome positioning along the genome is partially determined by the intrinsic DNA sequence preferences on histone. RRRRRYYYYY (R5Y5, R = Purine and Y = Pyrimidine) motif in nucleosome DNA, which was presented based on several theoretical models by Trifonov et al., might be a facilitating sequence pattern for nucleosome assembly.

Effects of starches on the textural, rheological, and color properties of surimi-beef gels with microbial tranglutaminase.

In order to evaluate effects of starches (corn starch, potato starch, and tapioca starch) on the characteristics of surimi-beef gels with microbial transglutaminase, the cooking loss, gel strength, color and rheological properties of samples were investigated. Results demonstrated that starches gave negative effects on the cooking loss of surimi-beef gels. The gel with corn starch had the highest cooking loss while that with tapioca starch showed the lowest value.

Identifying gene clusters within localized regions in multiple genomes.

An important strategy to study genome evolution is to investigate the clustering of orthologous genes among multiple genomes, in which the most popular approaches require that the distance between adjacent genes in a cluster be small. We investigate a different formulation based on constraining the overall size of a cluster and develop statistical significance estimates that allow direct comparison of clusters of different sizes. We first consider a restricted version which requires that orthologous genes are strictly ordered within each cluster and show that it can be solved in polynomial time.