Complete genome sequence of PBI209 isolated from a necrotic flower of in China.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of PBI209 that causes fire blight isolated from a necrotic flower of in Xinjiang, China. The genome consists of 3,800,955 bp, with 3,403 protein-coding genes and a guanine-cytosine content of 53.61%.

Complete genome sequence of a Chinese pv. strain Yunnan3.2.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence for pv. strain Yunnan3.2, which was isolated from diseased kiwifruit grown in Yunnan province, China.

miR2118 Negatively Regulates Bacterial Blight Resistance through Targeting Several Disease Resistance Genes in Rice.

Plant miRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA with a length of 21-24 nt that play an important role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacterial blight (BB) caused by pv. () is one of the most serious bacterial diseases in rice.

The Regulatory Functions of σ Factor in Phytopathogenic Bacteria.

σ factor (RpoN), a type of transcriptional regulatory factor, is widely found in pathogenic bacteria. It binds to core RNA polymerase (RNAP) and regulates the transcription of many functional genes in an enhancer-binding protein (EBP)-dependent manner. σ has two conserved functional domains: the activator-interacting domain located at the N-terminal and the DNA-binding domain located at the C-terminal.

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Overlapping and Special Regulatory Roles of RpoN1 and RpoN2 in Motility, Virulence, and Growth of pv. .

σ factor (RpoN) plays a crucial role in bacterial motility, virulence, growth, and other biological functions. In our previous study, two homologous σ factors, RpoN1 and RpoN2, were identified in pv. (), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice.

Diguanylate Cyclase GdpX6 with c-di-GMP Binding Activity Involved in the Regulation of Virulence Expression in pv. .

Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a secondary messenger present in bacteria. The GGDEF-domain proteins can participate in the synthesis of c-di-GMP as diguanylate cyclase (DGC) or bind with c-di-GMP to function as a c-di-GMP receptor. In the genome of pv.

Bacterial Blight Induced Shifts in Endophytic Microbiome of Rice Leaves and the Enrichment of Specific Bacterial Strains With Pathogen Antagonism.

The endophytic microbiome plays an important role in plant health and pathogenesis. However, little is known about its relationship with bacterial blight (BB) of rice caused by pv. ().

Identification of the Regulatory Components Mediated by the Cyclic di-GMP Receptor Filp and Its Interactor PilZX3 and Functioning in Virulence of pv. .

The degenerate GGDEF/EAL domain protein Filp was previously shown to function as a cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signal receptor through its specific interaction with an atypical PilZ domain protein PilZX3 (formerly PXO_02715) and that this interaction is involved in regulating virulence in pv. . As a step toward understanding the regulatory role of Filp/PilZX3-mediated c-di-GMP signaling in the virulence of pv.

The RpoN2-PilRX regulatory system governs type IV pilus gene transcription and is required for bacterial motility and virulence in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

The type IV pilus (T4P), a special class of bacterial surface filament, plays crucial roles in surface adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in pathogenic bacteria. However, the regulatory mechanism of T4P and its relationship to bacterial virulence are still little understood in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice.

Identification of c-di-GMP Signaling Components in and Their Orthologs in Xanthomonads Involved in Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Expression.

pv. () causes bacterial leaf blight of rice, one of the most devastating bacterial diseases of this staple crop worldwide. produces a range of virulence-related factors to facilitate its pathogenesis in rice, however, the regulatory mechanisms of virulence expression have been not fully elucidated.

pv. Response Regulator TriP Regulates Virulence and Exopolysaccharide Production Via Interacting With c-di-GMP Phosphodiesterase PdeR.

PdeR, a response regulator of the two-component system (TCS) with the cognate histidine kinase PdeK, has been shown to be an active phosphodiesterase (PDE) for intracellular cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) turnover and positively regulates the virulence of pv. , the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. To further reveal the key components and pathways involved in the PdeR-mediated c-di-GMP regulation of virulence, 16 PdeR-interacting proteins were identified, using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay.

Phosphodiesterase EdpX1 Promotes Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Virulence, Exopolysaccharide Production, and Biofilm Formation.

In pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, there are over 20 genes encoding GGDEF, EAL, and HD-GYP domains, which are potentially involved in the metabolism of second messenger c-di-GMP. In this study, we focused on the characterization of an EAL domain protein, EdpX1.

Overexpression of miR169o, an Overlapping MicroRNA in Response to Both Nitrogen Limitation and Bacterial Infection, Promotes Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Susceptibility to Bacterial Blight in Rice.

Limiting nitrogen (N) supply contributes to improved resistance to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in susceptible rice (Oryza sativa). To understand the regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this phenomenon, 63 differentially expressed overlapping miRNAs in response to Xoo infection and N limitation stress in rice were identified through deep RNA sequencing and stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR.

RpoN2- and FliA-regulated fliTX is indispensible for flagellar motility and virulence in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Background: Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most important crop diseases in the world. More insights into the mechanistic regulation of bacterial pathogenesis will help us identify novel molecular targets for developing effective disease control strategies.

A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice.

OxyR-regulated catalase CatB promotes the virulence in rice via detoxifying hydrogen peroxide in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Background: To facilitate infection, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the bacterial blight pathogen of rice, needs to degrade hydrogen peroxide (HO) generated by the host defense response via a mechanism that is mediated by the transcriptional regulator OxyR. The catalase (CAT) gene catB has previously been shown to belong to the OxyR regulon in Xoo.

Identification of phenolic compounds that suppress the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae on rice via the type III secretion system.

The targeting of bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which are critical virulence factors in most Gram-negative pathogens, is regarded as an alternative strategy for the development of novel anti-microbial drugs. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X.

Cross-talk between a regulatory small RNA, cyclic-di-GMP signalling and flagellar regulator FlhDC for virulence and bacterial behaviours.

Dickeya dadantii is a globally dispersed phytopathogen which causes diseases on a wide range of host plants. This pathogen utilizes the type III secretion system (T3SS) to suppress host defense responses, and secretes pectate lyase (Pel) to degrade the plant cell wall. Although the regulatory small RNA (sRNA) RsmB, cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and flagellar regulator have been reported to affect the regulation of these two virulence factors or multiple cell behaviours such as motility and biofilm formation, the linkage between these regulatory components that coordinate the cell behaviours remain unclear.

The Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PilZ Domain Proteins Function Differentially in Cyclic di-GMP Binding and Regulation of Virulence and Motility.

The PilZ domain proteins have been demonstrated to be one of the major types of receptors mediating cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling pathways in several pathogenic bacteria. However, little is known about the function of PilZ domain proteins in c-di-GMP regulation of virulence in the bacterial blight pathogen of rice Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

The degenerate EAL-GGDEF domain protein Filp functions as a cyclic di-GMP receptor and specifically interacts with the PilZ-domain protein PXO_02715 to regulate virulence in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Degenerate GGDEF and EAL domain proteins represent major types of cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) receptors in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we characterized a FimX-like protein (Filp) which possesses both GGDEF and EAL domains in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice.

A novel two-component system PdeK/PdeR regulates c-di-GMP turnover and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Two-component systems (TCS) consisting of histidine kinases (HK) and response regulators (RR) play essential roles in bacteria to sense environmental signals and regulate cell functions. One type of RR is involved in metabolism of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger. Although genomic studies predicted a large number of them existing in different bacteria, only a few have been studied.

[Gene deletion and functional analysis of the EAL domain protein vieAxoo in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae].

Objective: To better reveal the functions of key members involved in cyclic di-GMP signal metabolism pathways in the bacterial blight pathogen of rice Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo).

Methods: vieAxoo (PXO 04753), a gene putatively encoding the EAL domain proteins was investigated by gene deletion mutation using the marker exchange, complementation and phenotypic analysis.