Interaction mechanisms of edible film ingredients and their effects on food quality.

Traditional food packaging has problems such as nondegradable and poor food safety. Edible films play an important role in food packaging, transportation and storage, having become a focus of research due to their low cost, renewable, degradable, safe and non-toxic characteristics. According to the different materials of edible films substrate, edible films are usually categorized into proteins, polysaccharides and composite edible films.

Insight into Air Degradation of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Cathode Interlayers.

Air stability is a big challenge for inverted perovskite solar cells (IPVSCs). We focus on effect of a cathode interlayer (BCP or TOASiW) on air degradation of IPVSCs with an Al or Ag cathode. Combined measurements have been carried out to check the changes of the device electrical performance with exposure to air.

Low-Dimensional and High-Crystallinity Carbonyl Cathodes Prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition for Green Aluminum Organic Batteries.

We report a low-cost, high theoretical specific capacity π-conjugated organic compound (PTCDA) with C═O active centers as the cathode material in aluminum organic batteries. In addition, in order to improve the electron transport rate of PTCDA, a new method is proposed in this paper, which uses physical vapor deposition (PVD) method to make PTCDA recrystallize and grow on stainless steel and quartz glass substrates to improve its crystallinity. The increase of crystallinity expands the PTCDA π-π-conjugated system, making electrons more delocalized, which is beneficial to the transmission rate of electrons and ions, thereby enhancing the conductivity of the material.

ZnSe/SnSe hollow microcubes as cathode for high performance aluminum ion batteries.

Advances in cathode material design and understanding of intercalation mechanisms are necessary to improve the overall performance of aluminum ion batteries. Therefore, we designed ZnSe/SnSe hollow microcubes with heterojunction structure as a cathode material for aluminum ion batteries. ZnSe/SnSe hollow microcubes with an average size of about1.

Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Modules with a High Certified Power Conversion Efficiency.

Achieving large-area organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with reasonable cost and performance is an important step toward commercialization. In this work, solution-processed conventional and inverted OPV modules with an area of 216 cm were fabricated by the blade coating method. Film uniformity was controlled by adjusting the fabrication parameters of the blade coating procedure.

Revealing working mechanisms of PFN as a cathode interlayer in conventional and inverted polymer solar cells.

Energy level alignments at the PC71BM/PFN/Ag interface in conventional polymer solar cells (c-PSCs) and the ITO/PFN/PC71BM interface in inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs) are systematically investigated via ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and by using the integer charge transfer (ICT) model. The findings demonstrate that PFN as a cathode interlayer is able to effectively reduce the electron extraction barriers from 0.72 eV to 0.

Alcohol-Soluble Isoindigo Derivative IIDTh-NSB as a Novel Modifier of ZnO in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells.

Alcohol-soluble isoindigo derivative with thiophene groups and sulfobetaine zwitterions, IIDTh-NSB was applied as a novel modifier of ZnO in inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). When IIDTh-NSB (0.2 mg/mL) was spin-coated on ZnO as an electron transport layer (ETL), power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PTB7:PCBM based i-PSCs reached 8.

High-Efficiency Aqueous-Processed Polymer/CdTe Nanocrystals Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells with Optimized Band Alignment and Reduced Interfacial Charge Recombination.

Aqueous-processed nanocrystal solar cells have attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of its environmentally friendly nature, which provides a promising approach for large-scale production. The urgent affair is boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for further commercial applications. The low PCE is mainly attributed to the imperfect device structure, which leads to abundant nonradiative recombination at the interfaces.

High Performance Small-Molecule Cathode Interlayer Materials with D-A-D Conjugated Central Skeletons and Side Flexible Alcohol/Water-Soluble Groups for Polymer Solar Cells.

A new class of organic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) materials based on isoindigo derivatives (IID) substituted with pyridinium or sulfonate zwitterion groups were designed, synthesized, and applied in polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PTB7:PCBM (PTB7: polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene and PCBM: [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acidmethyl ester) as an active layer. Compared with the control device, PSCs with an IID-based CIL show simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (V), short-circuit current (J), and fill factor (FF). Systematic optimizations of the central conjugated core and side flexible alcohol-soluble groups demonstrated that isoindigo-based CIL material with thiophene and sulfonate zwitterion substituent groups can efficiently enhance the PSC performance.

Aqueous Solution Processed Photoconductive Cathode Interlayer for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Thick Interlayer and Thick Active Layer.

An aqueous-solution-processed photoconductive cathode interlayer is developed, in which the photoinduced charge transfer brings multiple advantages such as increased conductivity and electron mobility, as well as reduced work function. Average power conversion efficiency over 10% is achieved even when the thickness of the cathode interlayer and active layer is up to 100 and 300 nm, respectively.

Porous Organic Polymer Films with Tunable Work Functions and Selective Hole and Electron Flows for Energy Conversions.

Organic optoelectronics are promising technologies for energy conversion. However, the electrode interlayer, a key material between active layers and conducting electrodes that controls the transport of charge carriers in and out of devices, is still a chemical challenge. Herein, we report a class of porous organic polymers with tunable work function as hole- and electron-selective electrode interlayers.

Improvement in Open-Circuit Voltage of Thin Film Solar Cells from Aqueous Nanocrystals by Interface Engineering.

In this work, improved solar cells from aqueous CdTe NCs is achieved by replacing evaporated MoOx with spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transfer layer. The increased Voc and Jsc can be attributed to interfacial dipole effect and reduced back recombination loss, respectively. A high PCE of 6.

π-Conjugated Microporous Polymer Films: Designed Synthesis, Conducting Properties, and Photoenergy Conversions.

Conjugated microporous polymers are a unique class of polymers that combine extended π-conjugation with inherent porosity. However, these polymers are synthesized through solution-phase reactions to yield insoluble and unprocessable solids, which preclude not only the evaluation of their conducting properties but also the fabrication of thin films for device implementation. Here, we report a strategy for the synthesis of thin films of π-conjugated microporous polymers by designing thiophene-based electropolymerization at the solution-electrode interface.

Improving the efficiency of polymer solar cells based on furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer via solvent additive and methanol treatment.

We present a furan-flanked DPP copolymer, poly{3,6-difuran-2-yl-2,5-di(2-octyldodecyl)-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-altthienylenevinylene} (PDVF-8), and highlight the improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on the PDVF-8 as an electron donor via solvent additive and methanol treatment. When 3 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) or 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) were used as a solvent additive to the PDVF-8:PC71BM solution in chloroform (CF), the PCE can increase from 0.79% to 3.

High-efficiency aqueous-solution-processed hybrid solar cells based on P3HT dots and CdTe nanocrystals.

Without using any environmentally hazardous organic solution, we fabricated hybrid solar cells (HSCs) based on the aqueous-solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) dots and CdTe nanocrystals (NCs). As a novel aqueous donor material, the P3HT dots are prepared through a reprecipitation method and present an average diameter of 2.09 nm.

Preparation of self-assembled nanoparticles of chitosan oligosaccharide-graft-polycaprolactone as a carrier of bovine serum albumin drug.

Chitosan oligosaccharides graft polycaprolactone copolymer (PHCSO-g-PCL) has been synthesized via initiating the polymerization of e-caprolactone (CL) monomer through an amino group protection route using phthaloyl chitosan oligosaccharide (PHCSO) as intermediate. The grafting reaction was carried out in Pyridine at 120 °C with the hydroxyl group of the chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) as initiator and the tin 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn (Oct)2) as catalyst. The PHCSO-g-PCL nanoparticles with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA) drug were prepared through the self-assembled approach in Dimethylformamide (DMF) organic solvents.

9-arylidene-9H-fluorene-containing polymers for high efficiency polymer solar cells.

9-Arylidene-9H-fluorene containing donor-acceptor (D-A) alternating polymers P1 and P2 were synthsized and used for the fabrication of polymer solar cells (PSCs). High and low molecular weight P1 (HMW-P1 and LMW-P1) and high molecular weight P2 were prepared to study the influence of molecular weight and the position of alkoxy chains on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. HMW-P1:PC71BM-based PSCs fabricated from 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) solutions showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.

Electrochemical route to fabricate film-like conjugated microporous polymers and application for organic electronics.

Film-like conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are fabricated by the novel strategy of carbazole-based electropolymerization. The CMP film storing a mass of counterions acting as an anode interlayer provides a significant power-conversion efficiency of 7.56% in polymer solar cells and 20.

Peripheral cyanohexyl substituent in wide bandgap polymer: increase the electron injection property for blue phosphorescence light emitting device.

Novel blue phosphor host, PCNCzSi, using 3,6-linked carbazole with δ-π tetraphenylsilane segment as the main chain modified by peripheral cyanohexyl group was designed. The Si-carbazole backbone entitles the polymer with wide bandgap, high E(T) and good hole transporting ability. The introduction of peripheral CN group with high electron affinity enhances the electron injecting property of the polymer revealed by electron-only device and UPS measurement.

Three-coordinate organoboron with a B=N bond: substituent effects, luminescence/electroluminescence and reactions with fluoride.

Five new three-coordinate boron compounds with a B=N bond involving an indole or a substituted indole ligand including B(mesityl)2(indolyl), (1), B(mesityl)2(2-Me-indolyl), (2), B(mesityl)2(3-Me-indolyl), (3), B(mesityl)2 (7-Me-indolyl), (4), and B(mesityl)2(3-Ph-indolyl), (5) have been synthesized. The structures of these new compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. All five compounds are luminescent involving a charge transfer transition between the indolyl pi orbital and the boron p(pi) orbital.