Ailanthone disturbs cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages via HIF1-α/LINC01956/FUS/β-catenin signaling pathway in glioblastoma.

Background: An increasing number of studies have focused on ailanthone (aila) due to its antitumor activity. However, the role of ailanthone in glioblastoma(GBM) has not been investigated before. This study aims to explore the biological function and the underlying mechanism of ailanthone in GBM.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled Functionalization of Inert C(Sp)-H Bonds via Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Processes.

Developing methods to directly transform C(sp) -H bonds is crucial in synthetic chemistry due to their prevalence in various organic compounds. While conventional protocols have largely relied on transition metal catalysis, recent advancements in organocatalysis, particularly with radical NHC catalysis have sparked interest in the direct functionalization of "inert" C(sp) -H bonds for cross C-C coupling with carbonyl moieties. This strategy involves selective cleavage of C(sp) -H bonds to generate key carbon radicals, often achieved via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes.

Carbene organic catalytic planar enantioselective macrolactonization.

Macrolactones exhibit distinct conformational and configurational properties and are widely found in natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Up to now, the major effort for macrolactonization is directed toward identifying suitable carboxylic acid/alcohol coupling reagents to address the challenges associated with macrocyclization, wherein the stereochemistry of products is usually controlled by the substrate's inherent chirality. It remains largely unexplored in using catalysts to govern both macrolactone formation and stereochemical control.

Organocatalytic C-H Functionalization of Simple Alkanes.

The direct functionalization of inert C(sp )-H bonds to form carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds offers vast potential for chemical synthesis and therefore receives increasing attention. At present, most successes come from strategies using metal catalysts/reagents or photo/electrochemical processes. The use of organocatalysis for this purpose remains scarce, especially when dealing with challenging C-H bonds such as those from simple alkanes.

LRRK2 Gly2019Ser Mutation Promotes ER Stress via Interacting with THBS1/TGF-β1 in Parkinson's Disease.

The gene mutations of LRRK2, which encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), are associated with one of the most prevalent monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the potential effectors of the Gly2019Ser (G2019S) mutation remain unknown. In this study, the authors investigate the effects of LRRK2 G2019S on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-induced dopamine neurons and explore potential therapeutic targets in mice model.

Carbene-Catalyzed Intermolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of Aldehydes with C(sp )-H Bonds.

The development of catalyst-controlled methods for direct functionalization of two distinct C-H bonds represents an appealing approach for C-C formations in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we describe an organocatalytic approach for straightforward acylation of C(sp )-H bonds employing readily available aldehyde as "acyl source" involving dehydrogenative coupling of aldehydes with ether, amine, or benzylic C(sp )-H bonds. The developed method affords a broad range of ketones under mild conditions.

Facial nerve in skullbase tumors: imaging and clinical relevance.

Facial nerve, the 7th cranial nerve, is a mixed nerve composed of sensory and motor fibers, and its main branch is situated in the cerebellopontine angle. Facial nerve dysfunction is a debilitating phenomenon that can occur in skullbase tumors and Bell's pals. Recovery of the facial nerve dysfunction after surgery for skullbase tumors can be disappointing, but is usually favorable in Bell's palsy.

MiR-9-5p Inhibits the MMP-Induced Neuron Apoptosis through Regulating SCRIB/-Catenin Signaling in Parkinson's Disease.

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease remains unclear that there is no cure for Parkinson's disease yet. The abnormal expressions of certain miRNA are closely related to the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease. Here, we demonstrate that miR-9-5p inhibits the dopaminergic neuron apoptosis via the regulation of -catenin signaling which directly targets SCRIB, a tumor suppressor gene.

miR-497/Wnt3a/c-jun feedback loop regulates growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype in glioma cells.

Glioma is one of the most frequent intracranial malignant tumors. Abnormal expression of microRNAs usually contributes to the development and progression of glioma. In the current study, we explored the role and underlying mechanism of miR-497 in glioma.

A lincRNA-p21/miR-181 family feedback loop regulates microglial activation during systemic LPS- and MPTP- induced neuroinflammation.

The role of microglial-mediated sustained neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is well established, but the mechanisms contributing to microglial activation remain unclear. LincRNA-p21, a well studied long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA), plays pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Its role in microglial activation and inflammation-induced neurotoxicity, however, has not yet been fully elucidated.

MicroRNA-124 regulates the expression of MEKK3 in the inflammatory pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterised by selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Chronic inflammation of the central nervous system is mediated by microglial cells and plays a critical role in the pathological progression of PD. Brain-specific microRNA-124 (miR-124) expression is significantly downregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells and in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD.

Prognostic value of ion channel genes in Chinese patients with gliomas based on mRNA expression profiling.

Increasing evidence suggests that ion channels not only regulate electric signaling in excitable cells but also play important roles in the development of human cancer. However, the roles of ion channels in glioma remain controversial. We systematically analyzed the expression patterns of ion channel genes in a cohort of Chinese patients with glioma using whole-genome mRNA expression profiling.

Low p21 level is necessary for the suppressive effects of micoRNA-31 on glioma cell migration and invasion.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of endogenous non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslational region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and act as endogenous agents of RNA interference, resulting in either mRNA degradation or translational repression. MiR-31 has been demonstrated to be associated with the development and progression of glioma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unclear.

MiR-124 Regulates Apoptosis and Autophagy Process in MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease by Targeting to Bim.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder characterized by selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is abundantly expressed in the DA neurons and its expression level decreases in the 1-methyl-4-pheny-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD. However, whether the upregulation of miR-124 could attenuate neurodegeneration remains unknown.

[Isolation and multipotent differentiation of human decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells].

Objective: To investigate the biological features of human decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) in vitro and identify their capacity of multilineage differentiation.

Methods: PDB-MSCs were harvested from the decidua basalis of term placental by enzymatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation, and the growth characteristics and morphological changes of the MSCs were observed by inverted microscope. The proliferative ability of the cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8.

[Construction of a mouse pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha eukaryotic expression vector and its expression in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells].

Objective: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha and observe its expression in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Method: SDF-1alpha gene sequence with XhoI, EcoRI restriction enzyme cutting site was amplified from the total RNA of mouse smooth muscle cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1 encoding red fluorescent protein gene, and the insertion was verified by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells identified with immunofluorescence assay for vimentin expression were transfected with the constructed plasmid pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha, and the expression of sdf-1alpha was detected using immunofluorescence assay.