Tamibarotene directly targets the NACHT domain of NLRP3 to alleviate acute myocardial infarction.

The aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in the exacerbation of myocardial damage and the subsequent development of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation offers a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating MI-related injury, although no NLRP3 inhibitors have received Food and Drug administration (FDA) approval to date. To identify novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors through the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs, Tamibarotene emerged as a potent inhibitor with a favorable safety profile.

Human milk peptide MAMP-1 alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis inhibition of the TLR4-mediated PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway.

: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease with prevalent and serious intestinal inflammation that poses a significant threat to the lives of newborns. Human milk has been shown to prevent and treat the occurrence of NEC; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MAMP-1 is a significantly overexpressed endogenous peptide derived from β-casein extracted from the human milk of premature mothers, which is resistant to gastrointestinal conditions and exhibits favorable physicochemical properties.

[Research progress on the relationship between anemia and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis].

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common inflammatory intestinal disease in preterm infants, with a high incidence and mortality rate. The etiology and mechanisms of NEC are not yet fully understood, and multiple factors contribute to its occurrence and development. Recent studies have found that anemia is a risk factor for NEC in neonates, but the specific pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.

Point-of-care ultrasound in early diagnosis and monitoring of deep abscess in newborns: a case report of two cases.

Objective: This study sought to analyze the value of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in early diagnosis and monitoring of deep abscess in newborns.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of two newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of our hospital and diagnosed with deep abscess of the newborn. Combined with literature analysis, the value of POCUS in early diagnosis and monitoring of deep abscess of the newborn was evaluated.

Self-assembled miR-134-5p inhibitor nanoparticles ameliorate experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) via suppressing ferroptosis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis. Herein, we designed a peptide-based nanoparticle to deliver therapeutic molecules to pulmonary, thereby ameliorating BPD. The BPD-induced damages of lung tissues were detected by H&E and immunohistochemistry staining.

Point-of-care ultrasound for monitoring catheter tip location during umbilical vein catheterization in neonates: a prospective study.

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can guide umbilical vein catheter placement in real time and monitor catheter tip position, allowing avoidance of severe complications due to catheter malposition. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of POCUS in guiding venous catheter insertion and monitoring complications.

Methods: Sixty-eight neonates with ultrasound-guided venous catheter insertion at the Neonatal Department of Dongguan Children's Hospital between December 2020 and February 2022 were included.

Application of abdominal ultrasonography in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective study.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease that may lead to perforation, causing high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Abdominal ultrasound (AUS) has been shown to provide benefits in diagnosing and managing NEC in recent years.

Objective: This study focused on the utility of AUS in the diagnosis and evaluation of surgical NEC.

Early markers of neurodevelopmental disorders based on general movements for very preterm infants: study protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study in a clinical setting in China.

Introduction: Very preterm (VPT) infants may experience varying degrees of neurodevelopmental challenges. Lack of early markers for neurodevelopmental disorders may delay referral to early interventions. The detailed General Movements Assessment (GMA) could help us to identify early markers for VPT infants at risk of atypical neurodevelopmental clinical phenotype in the very early stage of life as soon as possible.

An endogenous amniotic fluid-derived 10-amino acid peptide improves lung development and hyperoxia injury.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that occurs in preterm infants and lacks effective treatment. We aim to reveal the relationship between amniotic fluid (AF) peptides and lung development by analyzing the differences in the composition of AF peptides at different gestational periods, thus providing a new means of prevention and treatment for BPD.

Methods: Based on the stages of lung development, we collected AF by amniocentesis in two different gestational periods, using the 25th week of pregnancy as the cut-off.

Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates revealed by an RNA sequencing interaction network analysis.

Background: The chronic lung condition known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which primarily affects newborns, especially preterm neonates, is brought on by prolonged oxygen consumption and mechanical ventilation. This case-control study sought to investigate the pathogenesis of BPD in preterm neonates by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Methods: First, RNA-seq samples were collected from 3 BPD and 3 healthy preterm neonates.

Alagille syndrome due to a 2 mutation presenting as prenatal oligohydramnios and congenital bilateral renal hypodysplasia: A case report.

Introduction: Here, we report the case of an infant suffering from Alagille syndrome (ALGS), manifesting with the atypical clinical manifestations of prenatal oligohydramnios and renal lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ALGS presenting as prenatal oligohydramnios and renal lesions caused by a variant of the 2 gene.

Case Presentation: A 3-month-old male infant was hospitalized for severe malnutrition.

Gentamicin promoted the production of CD4CD25 Tregs via the STAT5 signaling pathway in mice sepsis.

Background: Increasing studies have reported that gentamicin (GNT) plays an essential role in sepsis; however, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of GNT in sepsis.

Results: We observed that GNT enhanced survival and alleviated inflammatory injuries of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and intestines in mice with sepsis.

Case Report: Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Neonates With Lung Diseases: Experience From Several Typical Cases.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used to diagnose various neonatal lung diseases. It more sensitively diagnoses pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, pulmonary consolidation, and atelectasis than traditional X-ray and quickly determines the cause of dyspnea. As a component of severe ultrasound, LUS enables rapid bedside visualization of lung diseases and plays a major role in guiding the differential diagnosis of disease, ventilator treatment, and lung recruitment.

Predictive Value of Serum Cholic Acid and Lithocholic Acid for the Diagnosis in an Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Population with High Levels of Total Bile Acids and the Correlation with Placental Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the ability of serum cholic acid (CA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in the diagnosis and perinatal prognosis assessment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and the relationship between both indicators and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Methods: Between March 2020 and March 2021, pregnant women with high levels of total bile acid (TBA) in the late pregnancy with TBA ≥10 μmol/L and TBA <10 μmol/L (control group) were included for the retrospective study. Those with TBA ≥10 μmol/L were divided into the ICP group and the asymptomatic hypercholanaemia of pregnancy (AHP) group based on ICP symptoms.

Clinical features and prognosis of severe meconium aspiration syndrome with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objectives: To study the clinical features and prognosis of neonates with severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 60 neonates with severe MAS who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2019. According to the presence or absence of ARDS, they were divided into two groups: ARDS (=45) and non-ARDS (=15).

[Impact of mild hypothermia therapy on hemodynamics during the induction stage in neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

Objective: To study the changes in hemodynamics during the induction stage of systemic mild hypothermia therapy in neonates with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: A total of 21 neonates with HIE who underwent systemic mild hypothermia therapy in the Department of Neonatology, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, from July 2017 to April 2020 were enrolled. The rectal temperature of the neonates was lowered to 34℃ after 1-2 hours of induction and maintained at this level for 72 hours using a hypothermia blanket.

Predicting therapeutic drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma based on tissue-specific pathways.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant health problem worldwide with poor prognosis. Drug repositioning represents a profitable strategy to accelerate drug discovery in the treatment of HCC. In this study, we developed a new approach for predicting therapeutic drugs for HCC based on tissue-specific pathways and identified three newly predicted drugs that are likely to be therapeutic drugs for the treatment of HCC.

TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals defense mechanism of wheat against the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Background: Fusarium crown rot is major disease in wheat. However, the wheat defense mechanisms against this disease remain poorly understood.

Results: Using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, we evaluated a disease-susceptible (UC1110) and a disease-tolerant (PI610750) wheat cultivar inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum WZ-8A.

Antenatal corticosteroids administration on mortality and morbidity in premature twins born at 25∼34 gestational weeks: A retrospective multicenter study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) administration on mortality and major neonatal complications in early life of preterm twins.

Study Design: This study retrospectively enrolled 1 662 twins delivered at 25∼34gestational weeks in China from January 2013 to December 2014. They were divided into ACS group and no-ACS group according to weather their mothers received ACS or not.

[Effect of different antibiotic use strategies on infection in neonates with premature rupture of membranes and high-risk factors for neonatal infection].

Objective: To study the effect of different antibiotic use strategies on infection in neonates with premature rupture of membranes and the high-risk factors for neonatal infection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 223 neonates with premature rupture of membranes. According to the antibiotic use strategies, they were classified into two groups: study group (n=95) and control group (n=128).