Case report: Prolonged benefit of ESG401, a Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate, in endocrine-refractory hormone receptor-positive, HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors accounting for a significant proportion of cases. Despite advancements in endocrine therapy (ET), resistance remains a challenge in metastatic settings. The use of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy has notably improved survival.

Primary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Breast.

Breast neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECB) is a rare type of breast tumor. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast (LCNECB) are a special and rare histological subtype of NECB. Here, we present a case of a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with an LCNECB.

Peripheral inflammatory T cell subsets are effective predictive factors in the development of heterotopic ossification after posttraumatic elbow surgery.

Heterotopic ossification refers to the pathological formation of extra-skeletal bone. It is a common complication of trauma or surgery that can cause disability and has no definitive cure. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation during ossification remain unclear.

Giant Cyst of Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Mimicking a Malignant Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Case Report.

Introduction: Epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is an exceedingly rare pancreatic lesion that is always mistakenly suspected of malignancy preoperatively.

Case Summary: A 25-year-old male patient incidentally found a giant mass in the left upper abdomen neighboring the hilum of the spleen. The patient denied any obvious discomfort.

Occult Breast Cancer Presenting as Sternum Pain.

Bone metastasis has been reported in up to 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. A total of 55.76% of skeletal metastases in women were derived from breast cancer.

Can We Do Breast-Conserving Surgery Without Intraoperative Frozen Section of Margin?

Purpose: This study was a retrospective and nonrandomized study to assess the safety and reliability of identifying the surgical margin in breast cancer breast-conserving surgery (BCS) by using intraoperative ultrasonic location and specimen mammography instead of traditional intraoperative frozen pathological section.

Methods: Among the patients who underwent BCS from May 2019 to October 2021, according to the different methods of evaluating the intraoperative margin, 104 breast cancer patients were included in the frozen edge group, 53 breast cancer patients were included in the freeze-free group, and the surgeon judged whether extended resection was needed based on the results of pathological section or evaluation of intraoperative ultrasound and mammography. The surgical margins of the two groups were judged by postoperative pathological results as the gold standard.

Cutaneous melanocytic tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion: a case report.

Background: Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumor with CRTC1::TRIM11 Fusion (CMTCT) represents a novel and rare entity in the realm of dermatological oncology, characterized by distinct melanocytic differentiation. This particular tumor type has yet to be officially recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). CMTCT is generally perceived as a tumor with a relatively indolent nature; however, it is not devoid of metastatic potential.

Clinicopathologic and mutational profiles of primary breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a male patient: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is rare, and most cases occur in female patients, with few reported cases in male patients. The clinical presentation is similar to that of breast cancer, but the condition needs to be well understood, as treatment options and clinical course vary. Hence, we provide a relatively rare case of primary breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL) in a male, including its complete clinicopathological features, radiological findings, genomic mutational profiles, and clinical course.

Impact of estrogen receptor expression level on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in HER2-negative breast cancers.

Background: Breast cancers with 1-10% cell staining for estrogen receptor (ER) present particular clinical features. The clinical data of estrogen receptor expression level and treatment effect are limited, particularly regarding chemotherapy benefit. We evaluated the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in ER low positive tumors (ER staining 1-10%) and compared it with ER > 10% positive tumors (ER staining > 10%) and ER-negative tumors.

Composite B-cell and T-cell lymphomas: clinical, pathological, and molecular features of three cases and literature review.

Composite lymphoma (CL) involving B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma is extremely rare. Herein, we report three such cases using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and the next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify the pathological and molecular characteristics of CL. In the first case, the patient was admitted to hospital for generalized pruritic maculopapular rash over the whole body.

Exploration of prognosis and immunometabolism landscapes in ER+ breast cancer based on a novel lipid metabolism-related signature.

Introduction: Lipid metabolic reprogramming is gaining attention as a hallmark of cancers. Recent mounting evidence indicates that the malignant behavior of breast cancer (BC) is closely related to lipid metabolism. Here, we focus on the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, the most common subgroup of BC, to explore immunometabolism landscapes and prognostic significance according to lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs).

Single cell profiling of female breast fibroadenoma reveals distinct epithelial cell compositions and therapeutic targets.

Fibroadenomas (FAs) are the most common breast tumors in women. No pharmacological agents are currently approved for FA intervention owing to its unclear mechanisms and a shortage of reproducible human models. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing of human FAs and normal breast tissues, we observe distinct cellular composition and epithelial structural changes in FAs.

Metastases to the kidney from primary lung cancer : clinicopathological analysis of six cases in a single center.

Objectives: Cancer metastasis to the kidney is a rare event. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics in 6 cases of diagnosed renal metastases from primary lung cancer. We also provide clinical follow-up data and brief review of the literature.

Parotid gland oncocytoma mimicking local malignancy of Warthin's tumour on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Not required for Clinical Vignette.

Decreased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Lung Adenocarcinomas with ALK Rearrangements.

Purpose: This study sought to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung adenocarcinomas with ALK rearrangements (ALK+ LUAD), which responds poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.

Materials And Methods: Immune score evaluation and immunohistochemical (IHC) validation of B cells, cytotoxic, helper, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages were performed on the TCGA cohort and the whole tissue sections of our matched surgical samples, respectively, between ALK+ and ALK- LUAD. The formation and spatial organization of TLS, intra- and extra-TLS immune cell features, and tumor PD-L1 expression were analyzed independently.

Case Report: Radiological Features of Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma in the Right Fibula.

Background: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an extremely rare, aggressive malignant subtype of fibrosarcoma. Only dozens of cases of primary SEF in the bone have been reported so far, without case involving fibula reported in literature to date. Herein we report the first case of primary SEF in the right fibula in a 19-year-old man.

Heterotopic accessory spleen with squamous epithelial cyst in pancreas mimicking other pancreatic tumor: a case report.

A 49-year-old female undergoing a periodic health examination at other hospital revealed a mass in the tail of pancreas. The patient denied any personal history of surgery except subtotal hysterectomy because of multiple myomas in uterus 7 years ago, family history of abdominal cancer and trauma. Physical examination and laboratory finding (including tumor marker) were unremarkable.

Is ultrasound combined with computed tomography useful for distinguishing between primary thyroid lymphoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Introduction: The aim of the study is to investigate the usefulness of ultrasound combined with computed tomography (CT) for distinguishing between primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Material And Methods: The investigation was conducted retrospectively in 80 patients from January 2000 to July 2018. All patients underwent pathological tests to be classified into one of two groups: PTL group and HT group.

Thyroid-Like Low-Grade Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TLLGNPPA) is a relatively rare nasopharyngeal tumor. We performed morphological characterization, immunohistochemical profiling, and investigated gene mutations. We also provide clinical follow-up data and brief review of the literature.

Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound of renal perfusion: a technology for the assessment of early diabetic nephropathy in cynomolgus macaques with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in predicting early nephropathy in cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Six cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous T2DM and six normal cynomolgus macaques (Group 1) were included in this study. The time-intensity curve was used to obtain parameters such as peak values, red blood volume (RBV), red blood flow (RBF), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT).

Risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules: predictive value of puncture feeling of grittiness in the process of fine-needle aspiration.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely used for diagnosing thyroid nodules. However, there has been no specific investigation about the puncture feeling of grittiness. The aim of the present study was to see if the puncture feeling of grittiness during fine-needle aspiration procedure, combined with standard FNAC, could improve the accuracy in diagnosing thyroid cancer.

MicroRNAs, TGF-β signaling, and the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer.

Inflammatory cells and mediators form a major part of the tumor microenvironment and play important roles in the regulation of cancer initiation, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment in cancer. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an inflammation-related cytokine that functions in both tumor suppression and promotion; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.