Characterizing post-compression of mJ-level ultrafast pulses via loose focusing in a gas cell.

The ability to generate high-intensity ultrashort laser pulses is a key driver for advancing the strong-field physics and its applications. Post-compression methods aim to increase the peak intensity of amplified laser pulses via spectral broadening through self-phase modulation (SPM), followed by temporal pulse compression. However, other unavoidable nonlinear self-action effects, which typically occur parallel to SPM, can lead to phase distortions and beam quality degradation.

Fast spectroscopic imaging using extreme ultraviolet interferometry.

Extreme ultraviolet pulses as generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) are a powerful tool for both time-resolved spectroscopy and coherent diffractive imaging. However, the integration of spectroscopy and microscopy to harness the unique broadband spectra provided by HHG is hardly explored due to the challenge to decouple spectroscopic and microscopic information. Here, we present an interferometric approach to this problem that combines Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) with Fourier transform holography (FTH).

Recent Progress of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Composites for Photocatalysis.

Converting solar energy into fuels/chemicals through photochemical approaches holds significant promise for addressing global energy demands. Currently, semiconductor photocatalysis combined with redox techniques has been intensively researched in pollutant degradation and secondary energy generation owing to its dual advantages of oxidizability and reducibility; however, challenges remain, particularly with improving conversion efficiency. Since graphene's initial introduction in 2004, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based photocatalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as their large specific surface area, abundant pore structure, diverse surface chemistry, adjustable band gap, and high electrical conductivity.

A Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Electrolyte Enhancing Interfacial Stability and Solution Phase Discharge in Li-O Batteries.

Li-O batteries (LOBs) have gained widespread recognition for their exceptional energy densities. However, a major challenge faced by LOBs is the lack of appropriate electrolytes that can effectively balance reactant transport, interfacial compatibility, and non-volatility. To address this issue, a novel supramolecular deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) has been developed, based on synergistic interaction between Li-bonds and H-bonds through a combination of lithium salt (LiTFSI), acetamide (Ace) and boric acid (BA).

A Bimetallic Electro-Sensitizer Improves ROS Therapy by Relieving Autophagy-Induced ROS Tolerance and Immune Suppression.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent monotherapy usually demonstrates poor therapeutic outcomes, due to the accompanied activation of protective autophagy in tumor cells, which results in ROS tolerance and immune suppression. In this study, a bimetallic electro-sensitizer, Pt-Ir NPs is constructed, loaded with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (Pt-Ir-CQ NPs), to enhance the effectiveness of electrotherapy by inhibiting autophagy and activating anti-tumor immune responses. This novel electrotherapy platform demonstrates unique advantages, particularly in the treatment of hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors.

The correlation between serum angiopoietin-2 levels and acute kidney injury (AKI): a meta-analysis.

Introduction: The correlation between serum angiopoietin-2 levels and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a topic of significant clinical interest. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of this relationship.

Content: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to October 11, 2023.

Electrically activated polymetallic nanocrystals for long-term tumor suppression via oxygen-independent ROS generation and electro-immunotherapy.

The low oxidation level and immunosuppressive microenvironment within hypoxic tumor tissue are critical factors contributing to the inefficacy of various anti-tumor strategies. Herein, we have designed a novel intravenous injection nanoplatform to conduct electro-immunotherapy, based on phospholipid-modified PtPd nanocrystals loaded with the immunoregulator IPI549 (LP@Pt-Pd@IPI549 nanoparticles, LPPI). LPPI responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a cascade of therapeutic effects that overcome hypoxia-related resistance and effectively eradicate hypoxic tumors.

Regulating Sulfur Redox Kinetics by Coupling Photocatalysis for High-Performance Photo-Assisted Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Challenges such as shuttle effect have hindered the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), despite their potential as high-energy-density storage devices. To address these issues, we explore the integration of solar energy into LSBs, creating a photo-assisted lithium-sulfur battery (PA-LSB). The PA-LSB provides a novel and sustainable solution by coupling the photocatalytic effect to accelerate sulfur redox reactions.

Super-Ionic Conductor Soft Filler Promotes Li Transport in Integrated Cathode-Electrolyte for Solid-State Battery at Room Temperature.

Composite polymer solid electrolytes (CPEs), possessing good rigid flexible, are expected to be used in solid-state lithium-metal batteries. The integration of fillers into polymer matrices emerges as a dominant strategy to improve Li transport and form a Li-conducting electrode-electrolyte interface. However, challenges arise as traditional fillers: 1) inorganic fillers, characterized by high interfacial energy, induce agglomeration; 2) organic fillers, with elevated crystallinity, impede intrinsic ionic conductivity, both severely hindering Li migration.

Amphipathic Phenylalanine-Induced Nucleophilic-Hydrophobic Interface Toward Highly Reversible Zn Anode.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs), recognized for their high security, reliability, and cost efficiency, have garnered considerable attention. However, the prevalent issues of dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the Zn electrode interface significantly impede their practical application. In this study, we introduced a ubiquitous biomolecule of phenylalanine (Phe) into the electrolyte as a multifunctional additive to improve the reversibility of the Zn anode.

Sanmiao wan alleviates inflammation and exhibits hypouricemic effect in an acute gouty arthritis rat model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sanmiao wan (SMW), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been employed to treat gouty diseases in clinic as early as Yuan dynasty. It shows remarkably therapeutic effects in acute gouty arthritis (GA). However, the potential mechanisms of SMW are still not fully revealed.

Toward Simultaneous Dense Zinc Deposition and Broken Side-Reaction Loops in the Zn//V O System.

The Zn//V O system not only faces the incontrollable growth of zinc (Zn) dendrites, but also withstands the cross-talk effect of by-products produced from the cathode side to the Zn anode, inducing interelectrode talk and aggravating battery failure. To tackle these issues, we construct a rapid Zn -conducting hydrogel electrolyte (R-ZSO) to achieve Zn deposition modulation and side reaction inhibition in Zn//V O full cells. The polymer matrix and BN exhibit a robust anchoring effect on SO , accelerating Zn migration and enabling dense Zn deposition behavior.

[Anatomic study and clinical application of iliac crest chimeric tissue flap].

Objective: To conduct anatomical study on the iliac crest chimeric tissue flap and summarize its effectiveness of clinical application in repairing limb wounds.

Methods: Latex perfusion and anatomical study were performed on 6 fresh adult cadaver specimens with 12 sides, to observe the initial location, distribution, quantity, and direction of the common circumflexa iliac artery, the deep circumflexa iliac artery, and the superficial circumflexa iliac artery, and to measure their initial external diameter. Between December 2020 and September 2022, the iliac crest chimeric tissue flap repair was performed on 5 patients with soft tissue of limbs and bone defects.

Revealing the effect of LiOH on forming a SEI using a Co magnetic "probe".

The solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) plays a critical role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its important influence on electrochemical performance, such as cycle stability, coulombic efficiency, Although LiOH has been recognized as a key component of the SEI, its influence on the SEI and electrochemical performance has not been well clarified due to the difficulty in precisely controlling the LiOH content and characterize the detailed interface reactions. Here, a gradual change of LiOH content is realized by different reduction schemes among Co(OH), CoOOH and CoO. With reduced Co nanoparticles as magnetic "probes", SEI characterization is achieved by magnetometry.

Structural Uncertainty Analysis of High-Temperature Strain Gauge Based on Monte Carlo Stochastic Finite Element Method.

The high-temperature strain gauge is a sensor for strain measurement in high-temperature environments. The measurement results often have a certain divergence, so the uncertainty of the high-temperature strain gauge system is analyzed theoretically. Firstly, in the conducted research, a deterministic finite element analysis of the temperature field of the strain gauge is carried out using MATLAB software.

LiPF Induces Phosphorization of Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolyte for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Garnet solid electrolyte Li La Zr Ta O (LLZTO) is an excellent inorganic ceramic-type solid electrolyte; however, the presence of Li CO impurities on its surface hinders Li-ion transport and increases the interface impedance. In contrast to traditional methods of mechanical polishing, acid corrosion, and high-temperature reduction for removing Li CO , herein, a straightforward "waste-to-treasure" strategy is proposed to transform Li CO into Li PO and LiF in LiPF solution under 60 °C. It is found that the formation of Li PO during LLZTO pretreatment facilitates rapid Li-ion transport and enhances ionic conductivity, and the LLZTO/PAN composite polymer electrolyte shows the highest Li-ion transference number of 0.

Molecular recognition effect enabled by novel crown ether as macrocyclic host towards highly reversible Zn anode.

Aqueous Zn ion batteries present notable advantages, including high abundance, low toxicity, and intrinsic nonflammability. However, they exhibit severe irreversibility due to uncontrolled dendrite growth and corrosion reactions, which limit their practical applications. Inspired by their distinct molecular recognition characteristics, supramolecular crown ethers featuring interior cavity sizes identical to the diameter of Zn ions were screened as macrocyclic hosts to optimize the Zn coordination environment, facilitating the suppression of the reactivity of HO molecules and inducing the in-situ formation of organic-inorganic hybrid dual-protective interphase.

Large Interlayer Distance and Heteroatom-Doping of Graphite Provide New Insights into the Dual-Ion Storage Mechanism in Dual-Carbon Batteries.

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) is a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. However, it is still questionable how material structures affect the anion storage behavior. In this paper, we synthesis graphite with an ultra-large interlayer distance and heteroatomic doping to systematically investigate the combined effects on DIBs.

Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes Enabled by Increased Nucleation Overpotential.

Dendrite formation severely compromises further development of zinc ion batteries. Increasing the nucleation overpotential plays a crucial role in achieving uniform deposition of metal ions. However, this strategy has not yet attracted enough attention from researchers to our knowledge.

Bifunctional Dynamic Adaptive Interphase Reconfiguration for Zinc Deposition Modulation and Side Reaction Suppression in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

Dendrite growth and electrode/electrolyte interface side reactions in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) not only impair the battery lifetime but also pose serious safety concerns for the battery system, hindering its application in large-scale energy storage systems. Herein, by introducing positively charged chlorinated graphene quantum dot (Cl-GQD) additives into the electrolyte, a bifunctional dynamic adaptive interphase is proposed to achieve Zn deposition regulation and side reaction suppression in AZIBs. During the charging process, the positively charged Cl-GQDs are adsorbed onto the Zn surface, acting as an electrostatic shield layer that facilitates smooth Zn deposition.

Inhibitory Effects and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Huanglian-Ganjiang Combination Against H1N1 Influenza Virus.

Unlabelled: Influenza is an infectious acute respiratory disease with complications and a high mortality rate; the effective medicines for influenza therapy are limited. "Huanglian" or , Franch., Ranunculaceae, and "ganjiang" or , Roscoe, Zingiberaceae, combination is clinically used for treating respiratory diseases.

Lithium Salt Dissociation Promoted by 18-Crown-6 Ether Additive toward Dilute Electrolytes for High Performance Lithium Oxygen Batteries.

Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) are well known for their high energy density. However, their reversibility and rate performance are challenged due to the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) kinetics, serious side reactions and uncontrollable Li dendrite growth. The electrolyte plays a key role in transport of Li and reactive oxygen species in LOBs.

Hollow-Particles Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes with Biomimetic Ion Channels for High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are the core material of solid-state lithium metal batteries (SLMBs), which are being researched urgently owing to their high energy and safety. Both high ionic conductivity and excellent cycling stability remain the primary goal of solid-state electrolytes. Herein, inspired by K /Na ion channels in cell membrane of eukaryotes, a novel hollow UiO-66 with biomimetic ion channels based on quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) is designed.