Selenium inhibits ferroptosis in hyperglycemic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by stimulating the Hippo pathway.

Hyperglycemia can exacerbate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and the mechanism involves oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Our previous research showed that selenium (Se) could alleviate this injury. The aim of this study was to examine how selenium alleviates hyperglycemia-mediated exacerbation of cerebral I/R injury by regulating ferroptosis.

Effect of hyperglycemia on microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Hyperglycemia has been shown to aggravate ischemic brain damage, in which the inflammatory reaction induced by hyperglycemia is involved in the worsening of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the role of microglial polarization in hyperglycemia-aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unknown. The present study investigated whether diabetic hyperglycemia inhibited or activated microglia, as well as microglial subtypes 1 and 2.

[Selection of epidemic indicators for schistosomiasis GIS platform in Dongting Lake area].

Dongting Lake area is one of the major marshland schistosomiasis endemic areas in China. In recent years, spatial epidemiology is widely used in the research of schistosomiasis, which is a new opportunity to break through the current wandering situation of schistosomiasis control. In this article, both the generalized and Dongting-Lake-specific epidemic indicators of schistosomiasis are reviewed to provide the basis to construct the schistosomiasis Geographic Information System (GIS) database of Hunan Province.

[Evaluation on effect of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2013].

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the effect of the program of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2013.

Methods: The fund investment of the program, the profits of hospitals and the improvement of the patients' health were investigated by data collection and questionnaire survey. The evaluation index system of treatment and assistance to advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province was constructed by the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, and the program was assessed comprehensively.

Upregulation of ICAM-1 in diabetic rats after transient forebrain ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Background: Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia. Neuroinflammation may play a role in mediating such enhanced damage. The objectives of this study were to examine the mRNA and protein levels and cell type distribution of ICAM-1 after cerebral ischemia in normo-and diabetic hyperglycemic rats.

A multi-component integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: design and baseline results of a 4-year cluster-randomised intervention trial.

Despite major successes in its control over the past 50years, schistosomiasis japonica continues to be a public health problem in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China).

Development of an educational cartoon to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren.

Background: With more than two billion people infected worldwide, soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are the most widespread infections. To date, STH control efforts rely predominantly on recurrent mass drug administration (MDA), which does not prevent reinfection. Additional public health measures including novel health educational tools are required for more sustained integrated control of STH.

Diabetes inhibits cerebral ischemia-induced astrocyte activation - an observation in the cingulate cortex.

The objective of this study was to study the effect of diabetic hyperglycemia on astrocytes after forebrain ischemia. Streptozotocin (STZ)-injected hyperglycemic and vehicle-injected normoglycemic rats were subjected to 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia. The brains were harvested in sham-operated controls and in animals with 1 and 6 h of recirculation following ischemia.

[Multi-disciplinary treatment for advanced schistosomiasis].

Objective: To assess the efficiency of multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) for advanced schistosomiasis.

Methods: A total of 173 advanced schistosomiasis patients who received MDT were selected from January 2010 to December 2011. These patients included 75 splenomegaly cases and 98 ascites cases.

Health-education package to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths are among the most prevalent sources of human infections globally. We determined the effect of an educational package at rural schools in Linxiang City District, Hunan province, China, where these worms are prevalent. The intervention aimed to increase knowledge about soil-transmitted helminths, induce behavioral change, and reduce the rate of infection.

[Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Donggou Village, a surveillance site, in Huarong County from 2005 to 2010].

From 2005 to 2010, the infection rates of schistosomiasis among residents (above 6 years old) were 13.34%, 9.59%, 4.

[Longitudinal investigation on intestinal parasite infections among rural people in West Dongting Lake region].

The nylon pocket concentration method and modified Kato-Katz technique were used to detect the eggs of intestinal parasites and the iodine smear method was used for the detection of protozoa among the rural population in West Dongting Lake region. The infection rate of parasites in 2006 was 11.84%, and it declined by 86.

Monosialotetrahexosy-1 ganglioside attenuates diabetes-enhanced brain damage after transient forebrain ischemia and suppresses phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the rat brain.

Monosialotetrahexosy-1 ganglioside (GM1) has been shown to reduce brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study is to determine whether GM1 is able to ameliorate hyperglycemia-exacerbated ischemic brain damage in hyperglycemia-recruited areas such as the hippocampal CA3 sub regions and the cingulated cortex. Histologic stainings of Haematoxylin and Eosin, Nissl body, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and phospho-ERK1/2 were performed on brain sections that have been subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia with reperfusion of 0, 1, 3, and 6h in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and GM1-pretreated hyperglycemic groups.

Inhibitory effect of ketamine on phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 following brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats with hyperglycemia.

To determine if the inhibitory effects of ketamine on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 are involved in reduction of the hyperglycemia-exaggerated cerebral ischemic lesion, rats with normoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or hyperglycemia supplemented with ketamine were subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia, and then, reperfusion for 0.5, 1, and 3h. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the brain tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

High-expression of transforming growth factor beta1 and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells from aorta and renal arterioles of spontaneous hypertension rats.

To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hypertensive vascular remodeling, an immunohistochemical technique and Western blot were applied to study phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) of the thoracic aorta and renal arterioles from SHR of different ages. Results of both the immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays showed that either the phospho-ERK1/2 at endothelium or VSMC of renal small arteries from SHR8, SHR16, and SHR20 groups and of the aorta from SHR16 and SHR20 were higher than that from control group. Comparing with that in the small arteries of the kidney, the phospho-ERK1/2 in the endothelium and in VSMC was markedly increased in the aorta, and high expression of TGF-beta1 was detected in the aorta and kidney from SHR16 and SHR20 by Western blot.

P21ras and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase are highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of hypertensive rats.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hyperplasia and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation of VSMCs under the condition of hypertension.

Methods: Wistar rat models of two kidney-one clip hypertension (2K1C) were established and their right kidneys were harvested 4 weeks after the operation. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect phospho-ERK1/2 and P21ras protein expression in the VSMCs of the renal arterioles, and the results were compared with those from 16-week-old spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR16) and control rats.

Over-expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vascular smooth muscle cell of hypertensive rats.

Objective: To investigate whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was involved in changes of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) under hypertension.

Methods: Two-kidney one clip Wistar hypertensive rats (WHR) were sacrificed and their right kidneys were harvested 4 weeks after surgery. The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 4, 8, and 16 weeks old groups (SHR4w, SHR8w, and SHR16w), respectively.