[Research progress on biomass ash carbon capture and storage].

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is an important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric CO concentration and to achieve the dual carbon target. Carbon capture and storage through biomass ash is a secure, permanent, and environment friendly way. To better understand the characteristics of biomass ash carbon capture and storage, we summarized progresses on biomass ash carbon capture and storage, clarified the mechanisms of biomass ash carbon sequestration, analyzed the influencing factors, and explored its applications in various domains.

[Evaluation of climate regulation service at prefecture-level city: A case study of Fuzhou City, China].

Ecosystem services are the bridge between ecosystem functions and human welfare. Climate regulation service (CRS) has an extremely important role in ecosystem services. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the whole process of CRS occurrence for scientific assessment of ecosystem services.

[Contribution of straw disposal to carbon source and sink under the framework of carbon neutrality].

Exploring the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of carbon source and carbon sink under different disposal methods of crop straw is of great significance for optimizing the utilization policy of crop straw resources in China and realizing the goal of maximizing carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. Based on data from National Statistical Yearbook, we examined the changing trends of both the amount and value of carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, carbon sink enhancement under different crop straw disposal methods in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. The results showed that the mean annual carbon emissions of straw burning in China from 2008 to 2019 were 8.

Accounting and drivers of carbon emission from cultivated land utilization in Northeast China.

With the continuous development of China's society and economy, the breadth and depth of cultivated land resources development and utilization have been continuously expanded, while the production efficiency and scale of cultivated land gradually have been improved. There were rapidly increases of carbon emission induced from cultivated land management, such as the agricultural inputs and energy consumptions. Taking carbon emission from cultivated land utilization in Northeast China as the research object, we determined the carbon emission accounting framework system according to the life cycle method.

Accounting and red uction path of carbon emission firom facility agriculture in China.

Facility agriculture, a typical agricultural production management mode, could affect carbon cycle due to its unique production environmental conditions and highly intensive utilization. With the five main sources as accounting objects, including agricultural film investment, energy consumption, pesticide and fertilizer application, CO fertilizer application, and facility soil, we estimated the amount and intensity of carbon emission of three facility agriculture (continuous greenhouse, solar greenhouse, and plastic greenhouse) in 31 provinces in 2018. The results showed that the total carbon emission of facility agriculture in China was 210.

Wetland ecosystem service function and its value accounting:A case study of Fuzhou City, China.

Wetland plays an important role in ecological protection and social development. Scientific and rational evaluation of the values of wetland ecosystem service is the basis of protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources. How to scientifically and effectively assess the wetland ecosystem gross ecosystem product (GEP) and make it into the national GDP accounting system are the focus of the scientific community and government departments.

Application of ecosystem value in policy system design: A case study of Fuzhou City, China.

On the basis of exploring the replicable, popularized and demonstrative accounting model of ecosystem value, it is critically needed to solve how to reasonably apply the accounting results of ecosystem value, form the application system of ecosystem value policy system, and promote the transformation of ecosystem service value from "accounting value" to "policy point". With the accounting of Fuzhou Gross Economic Ecological Product (GEEP) and Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) as the starting point, we screened GEEP for indicators, calculated the green gold index and GEP per unit area, and analyzed the application mode in the policy and system design. The results showed that pollutant absorption, species conservation renewal energy values, wetland severe threat area proportion, air negative oxygen ions released volume, arable land occupancy rate, marine reclamation area proportion, carbon fixation quantity, oxygen release quantity, grassland cover change rate, coast protection area and environmental degradation cost of solid waste were the indicators significantly affecting the GEEP accounting results.

Regional ecological compensation accounting in Fuzhou City based on a payment for ecosystem services (PES)model.

The determination of regional ecological compensation quota and spatial selection are key issues in the study of horizontal transfer payment ecological compensation mechanism. Taking 12 districts of Fuzhou City as the basic research unit, we accounted the ecological function values of forest, grassland, wetland, agriculture, and marine ecosystems in 2015 and 2018. Combined with local economic development situation, we constructed an ecological compensation model.

Gross economic-ecological product accounting of Fuzhou City, China.

The gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting is crucial to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and practice the ideas of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". GEEP accounting had been conducted at national and provincial scales, but not at urban scale. According to the economic and ecological development, the GEEP accounting framework was built in Fuzhou City.

Accounting for the cost of ecological degradation in Fuzhou City, China.

Ecological degradation accounting is a critical content of building green GDP and gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting systems. With ecosystems in Fuzhou City as a research object, we built an accounting framework for the cost of ecological degradation according to the unreasonable human activity. Following the accounting framework, we calculated the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 and 2018.

Analysis of carbon sink of steel slag in China.

Under the context of the elevated greenhouse gases, how to reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon absorption is the focus of current research on climate change. Based on data of Chinese crude steel production from 1963 to 2016 and greenhouse gas inventory method, we established steel slag carbon sequestration calculation method. The steel slag carbon sequestration from 1963 to 2016 was estimated and the uncertainty analysis was made.

[Review of lime carbon sink.].

Under the background of "missing carbon sink" mystery and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology development, this paper summarized the lime material flow process carbon sink from the lime carbonation principles, impact factors, and lime utilization categories in chemical industry, metallurgy industry, construction industry, and lime kiln ash treatment. The results showed that the lime carbonation rate coefficients were mainly impacted by materials and ambient conditions; the lime carbon sink was mainly in chemical, metallurgy, and construction industries; and current researches focused on the mechanisms and impact factors for carbonation, but their carbon sequestration calculation methods had not been proposed. Therefore, future research should focus on following aspects: to establish a complete system of lime carbon sequestration accounting method in view of material flow; to calculate lime carbon sequestration in both China and the world and explain their offset proportion of COemission from lime industrial process; to analyze the contribution of lime carbon sequestration to missing carbon sink for clarifying part of missing carbon sinks; to promote the development of carbon capture and storage technology and provide some scientific bases for China's international negotiations on climate change.

[Efficiency of industrial energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in Liaoning Pro-vince based on data envelopment analysis (DEA)method.].

Taking 39 industries as independent decision-making units in Liaoning Province from 2003 to 2012 and considering the benefits of energy, economy and environment, we combined direction distance function and radial DEA method to estimate and decompose the energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction efficiency of the industries. Carbon emission of each industry was calculated and defined as an undesirable output into the model of energy saving and carbon emission reduction efficiency. The results showed that energy saving and carbon emission reduction efficiency of industries had obvious heterogeneity in Liaoning Province.

[Carbon emissions and low-carbon regulation countermeasures of land use change in the city and town concentrated area of central Liaoning Province, China].

Carbon emissions due to land use change have an important impact on global climate change. Adjustment of regional land use patterns has a great scientific significance to adaptation to a changing climate. Based on carbon emission/absorption parameters suitable for Liaoning Province, this paper estimated the carbon emission of land use change in the city and town concentrated area of central Liaoning Province.

[Intensive utilization of land in Tiexi old industrial district, Shenyang, Northeast China].

Land use types of the Tiexi old industrial district, Shenyang, Northeast China were derived from QUICKBIRD and IKONOS satellite image interpretation to analyze its dynamics and intensive use by geostatistics and convention statistical methods which could reveal regional environment and socio-economic services. The results showed the main land use types were industrial land and residential land in Tiexi old industrial district. Land use changed significantly from 2000-2010, i.

[Spatiotemporal patterns and driving forces of land use change in industrial relocation area: a case study of old industrial area in Tiexi of Shenyang, Northeast China].

Based on the QuickBird remote sensing images and with the support of GIS, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use change and its driving forces in old industrial area of Tiexi, Shenyang City of Liaoning Province in 2000-2010. During the study period, the industrial and mining warehouse land pattern had the greatest change, evolving from the historical pattern of residential land in the south and of industrial land in the north into residential land as the dominant land use pattern. In the last decade, the residential land area increased by 9%, mainly transferred from the industrial and mining warehouse land located in the north of Jianshe Road, while the industrial and mining warehouse land area decreased by 20%.

[Spatiotemporal pattern of urban growth and its driving forces in urban agglomeration of central Liaoning Province, China].

Based on the five temporal Landsat TM remote sensing data of 1988, 1992, 1997, 2000, and 2004, and by using GIS spatial analysis and landscape pattern analysis, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of urban growth and its driving forces in the urban agglomeration of central Liaoning Province (UACLP). From 1988 to 2004, the urban area in the UACLP had being increased from 812.55 km2 to 1345.

[Spatiotemporal expansion of urban and rural built-up areas in Shenyang City: an analysis based on remote sensing and GIS technology].

By using 1985, 1995, 1997, 2000 and 2004 satellite images and GIS technology, three indices including built-up area density, expansion intensity index, and fractal dimension were chosen to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics, spatial differentiation, and morphological changes of urban and rural built-up areas in Shenyang City in 1985-2004, with the main driving factors discussed. In the study period, the high-density area of urban built-up area in the City increased year by year, and that of rural built-up area changed slightly before 1997 but increased gradually thereafter. The increased area, expansion speed, and expansion intensity of built-up area were evidently greater in urban than in rural area.

[Simulation and prediction of urban and rural settlement growth and land use change in Yingkou City].

Based on the 1988, 1992, 1997, 2000, and 2004 Landsat TM remote sensing data of Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, the urban and rural settlement growth and land use change in the city from 2005 to 2030 were simulated and predicted by using the SLEUTH urban growth and land use change model with six scenarios (current trend scenario, no protection scenario, moderate protection scenario, managed growth scenario, ecologically sustainable growth scenario, and regional and urban comprehensive planning scenario). The results showed that in the city, the increased area of urban and rural settlement growth from 1988 to 2004 was 14.93 km2, and the areas of water area, orchard, mine, and agricultural land changed greatly from 1997 to 2004.

[Spatiotemporal pattern and its driving forces of urban growth in Shenyang City].

By using time series Landsat TM satellite images and adopting GIS spatial analysis and landscape pattern analysis methods, this paper studied the spatiotemporal diversity of urban growth and the evolution of urban landscape pattern in Shenyang, and examined their driving forces. The results showed that in 1988-2004, the urban area in Shenyang increased persistently, and the growth intensity enhanced consistently, with the peaks occured in 2000-2004. The spatial differentiation of urban growth in the City was also distinct, with the southwest direction as the leading orientation, and the urban edges and different level economic development zones as the main growth areas.