[Accumulation of Sulfonamides and Macrolides Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soils with Different Utilization Patterns in China].

To explore the variation in the absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different regions of China under different land use modes and different planting years, the qualitative and quantitative study of sulfonamide () and macrolide () ARGs and an integron gene () were conducted using ordinary PCR and the fluorescence quantitative technique. The results revealed that the frequencies of sulfonamides () and were all 100% in different soils, and the detection frequencies of macrolides () were 100% in facilities vegetable fields; however, in open vegetable fields, and open grain fields, the frequencies of were 94%, and those of were 92% and 90%, respectively. The absolute abundance of sulfonamide and macrolide ARGs was the highest in 15 years facilities vegetable soil in Heilongjiang Province.

Treatment With Wheat Root Exudates and Soil Microorganisms From Wheat/Watermelon Companion Cropping Can Induce Watermelon Disease Resistance Against f. sp. .

Companion cropping with wheat ( L.) can enhance watermelon [ (Thunb.) Matsum.

Enhanced functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with spleen deficiency syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study.

Numerous studies had investigated the biological basis of spleen deficiency syndrome on gastrointestinal dysfunctions. However, little was known about neuropsychological mechanism of spleen deficiency syndrome. The default model network (DMN) plays an important role in cognitive processing.

Effects of soil improvement technology on soil quality in solar greenhouse.

Currently, cucumber cultivation is mainly through monoculture, as continuous culture leads to the decrease of crop yield and soil quality. In order to improve soil quality to achieve continuous monocultures, soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, content of phenolic compounds, and the size of bacterial, fungal, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Fusarium oxysporum were first evaluated in cucumber monoculture solar greenhouse. Soil improvement technology, including catch wheat (CW), calcium cyanamide disinfection (LN), and straw reactor technology (SR) during summer fallow period, was compared with conventional fallow (CK).

Sini powder () decoction alleviates mood disorder of insomnia by regulating cation-chloride cotransporters in hippocampus.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Sini Powder () decoction (SND) in the treatment of insomnia.

Methods: The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, SND-treated, and Estazolamtreated groups (n=15 in each group). Sleep deprivation (SD) rat model was established using the modifified multiple platform method for 14 h per day for 14 days, and the behavior of the rats were observed.

[Effects of different catch modes on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of cucumber].

Effects of different catch modes on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were analyzed by conventional chemical method, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR methods. Pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse for three consecutive years with cucumber as the main crop, and scallion (Allium fistulosum), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and oilseed rape (Brassica campestri) as catch crops. Results showed that, with the increase of crop planting times, soil urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase activities in the wheat treatment were significantly) higher than in the scallion and oilseed rape treatments, and these enzyme activities in the oilseed rape treatment were significantly higher than in the scallion treatment.

[Effects of wheat root exudates on cucumber growth and soil fungal community structure].

With wheat as the donor plant and cucumber as the receptor plant, this study investigated the effects of root exudates from wheat cultivars with different allelopathic potentials (positive or negative) and companion cropping with wheat on soil fungal community structure by PCR-DGGE method and cucumber growth. Results showed that the wheat root exudates with positive allelopathic potential increased height and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings significantly, compared to the control seedlings (W) after 6 days and 12 days treatment, respectively. Also, wheat root exudates with both positive and negative allelopathic potential increased the seedling height of cucumber significantly after 18 days treatment.

[Effects of Chinese onion' s root exudates on cucumber seedlings growth and rhizosphere soil microorganisms].

Taking the Chinese onion cultivars with different allelopathy potentials as the donor and cucumber as the accepter, this paper studied the effects of Chinese onion' s root exudates on the seedlings growth of cucumber and the culturable microbial number and bacterial community structure in the seedlings rhizosphere soil. The root exudates of the Chinese onion cultivars could promote the growth of cucumber seedlings, and the stimulatory effect increased with the increasing concentration of the root exudates. However, at the same concentrations of root exudates, the stimulatory effect had no significant differences between the Chinese onion cultivars with strong and weak allelopathy potential.

[Temporal variations of clay content in eroded sediment under different rainfall condition].

Erosion and sediment characteristics were measured using simulated rainfall on two cultivated soils from the Loess Plateau, China. The size distribution of eroded sediment (non-dispersed) was compared with equivalent measurements of the same samples after chemical and mechanical dispersion(dispersed) to investigate the aggregation ratio (AR) and enrichment ratio (ER). Results show that clay content is increasing with the length and rainfall intensity.

[Accumulation characteristics of applied cinnamic acid in cucumber seedling-soil system under NaCl stress].

Taking cucumber cultivars' Jinlv No. 5' (salt-tolerant) and 'Jinyou No. 1' (salt-sensitive) as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying cinnamic acid on the accumulation of applied cinnamic acid in cucumber seedling-soil system under NaCl (585 mg x kg(-1) soil) stress.

[Effects of intercropping Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on cucumber growth and soil micro-environment].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping various Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on the cucumber growth and rhizospheric soil environment. When intercropped with high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars, the EC value and peroxidase activity of cucumber rhizospheric soil decreased, while the pH value, invertase and catalase activities, and bacterial community diversity increased. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that most DGGE bands amplified from cucumber rhizospheric soil samples showed a high homology to uncultured bacterial species.

[Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis capability of Spiraea fritschiana and Spiraea bunmalba 'Goldmound'].

In this paper, Spiraea fritschiana and Spiraea bunmalba 'Goldmound' were treated with mild, moderate, and severe drought to study the dynamic changes of their photosynthesis capability, and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were adopted to analyze and identify the differences in the protein expression of the two species before and after the treatments, and the physiological mechanisms inducing the changes of the photosynthesis capability. Drought treatments had significant effects on the photosynthesis capability of the two species. Under drought stress, the maximum photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, and light saturation point decreased gradually, suggesting that the responses of the two species to drought stress were progressive.

[Effects of cinnamic acid on bacterial DNA polymorphism in rhizosphere soil of cucumber under NaCl stress].

By using PCR-DGGE technique, this paper studied the effects of different concentration (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg x kg(-1) soil) cinnamic acid on the bacterial DNA polymorphism in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under the stress of 292.5 and 585 mg NaCl x kg(-1) soil. At all growth stages of cucumber seedlings, treatment 50 mg x kg(-1) of cinnamic acid had the similar band numbers and band gray scales in DGGE profiles to treatment 0 mg x kg(-1) of cinnamic acid, but the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were the highest; while in treatments 100 and 200 mg x kg(-1) soil of cinnamic acid, the band numbers and band gray scales decreased, and the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were lower.

[Effects of rotation and intercropping on bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of cucumber].

By the method of PCR-DGGE, this paper studied the effects of rotation with wheat, soybean, villose vetch, clover, and alfalfa and intercropping with onion and garlic on the bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of cucumber. The results showed that rotation and intercropping with test plants increased the diversity and evenness indices of bacterial communities in cucumber rhizosphere soil, and also, cucumber yield. The sequencing of DGGE bands indicated that most of the bands had high homology with uncultured bacterial species, and were of Sphingobacterium and Proteobacteria.

[Effects of wheat and soybean stubbles on soil microbial ecological characteristics in cucumber field].

The study with traditional dilution plate method and BIOLOG ECO system indicated that under wheat and soybean stubbles, the amounts of soil fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in cucumber field increased, while that of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum decreased (P <0.