Global air quality enhancement pathways to health benefits and environmental justice.

Nowadays, air pollution has emerged as a critical global health and environmental justice issue, with a stark contrast in exposure and management between high-, middle-, and low-income countries. This study synthesizes satellite-derived data with Global Burden of Disease insights, examining the spatiotemporal trends of PM and O exposures and their health impacts from 1998 to 2019. Despite a reversal in the global upward trend of PM exposure post-2011, O levels persist, highlighting a geographical disparity in health benefits due to air quality policies.

SOS! Hydrogen Sulfide Enhances the Flavonoid Early Warning System in Rice Plants to Cope with Thiocyanate Pollution.

The presence of thiocyanate (SCN) in irrigation water has adverse effects on both plant growth and crop output. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important gaseous signaling molecule that can alleviate SCN stress. Flavonoids are secondary compounds produced by plants and are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom.

Biochemical insights into proline metabolism and its contribution to the endurant cell wall structure under metal stress.

The cell wall serves as the primary barrier against the entry of heavy metal ions into cells. However, excessive accumulation of heavy metals within plants can lead to alterations in the spatial structure and physical properties of the cell wall, thereby affecting the capacity of plants to capture heavy metals. Proline (Pro) is involved in the synthesis of the cell wall, modulating the stability and integrity of its structure.

Elucidating the intricacies of the HS signaling pathway in gasotransmitters: Highlighting the regulation of plant thiocyanate detoxification pathways.

In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plant metabolism, particularly emphasizing their function as signaling molecules. Among these, thiocyanate (SCN), a compound imbued with sulfur and nitrogen, has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant frequently detected in irrigation water. This compound is known for its potential to adversely impact plant growth and agricultural yield.

Unraveling the enigma of NPP variation in Chinese vegetation ecosystems: The interplay of climate change and land use change.

Global carbon emissions have exacerbated the greenhouse effect, exerting a profound impact on ecosystems worldwide. Gaining an understanding of the fluctuations in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is pivotal in the assessment of environmental quality, estimation of carbon source/sink potential, and facilitation of ecological restoration. Employing MODIS and meteorological data, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NPP evolution in Chinese vegetation ecosystems (VESs), employing Theil-Sen median trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test.

Gaseous signaling molecule HS as a multitasking signal molecule in ROS metabolism of Oryza sativa under thiocyanate (SCN) pollution.

The induction of disruption in the electronic transport chain by thiocyanate (SCN) leads to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within rice (Oryza sativa). Hydrogen sulfide (HS) assumes a crucial role as a gaseous signaling molecule, holding significant potential in alleviating SCN-related stress. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the intricate interplay between HS and ROS in Oryza sativa amidst SCN pollution.

Proline interacts with Ca-dependent signaling to enhance chromium tolerance in rice by manipulating nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase.

The entrance of chromium (Cr) into the agricultural system would exert a negative influence on the carbon/nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants. In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous proline-mediated Ca-dependent signaling in the regulation of CNM in rice subjected to Cr(VI) stress, with emphasis on the involvement of nitrate reductase (NR) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Results demonstrated that proline effectively mitigated the growth inhibition of rice imposed by Cr(VI) stress, which is achieved by a reduction in cytoplasmic Ca and Cr content and the activation of the downstream Ca-dependent signaling pathway.

Proline-mediated activation of glyoxalase II improve methylglyoxal detoxification in Oryza sativa L. under chromium injury: Clarification via vector analysis of enzymatic activities and gene expression.

Environmental factors affect plants in several ways including the excessive accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), resulting in dysfunctions of many biological processes. Exogenous proline (Pro) application is one of the successful strategies to increase plant tolerance against various environmental stresses, including chromium (Cr). This study highlights the alleviation role of exogenous Pro on MG detoxification in rice plants induced by Cr(Vl) through modifying the expression of glyoxalase I (Gly I)- and glyoxalase II (Gly II)-related genes.

Individual and mutual effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on salt and cadmium uptake and translocation by rice seedlings.

Plant kingdoms are facing increasingly harsh environmental challenges marked by the coexposure of salinity and pollution in the pedosphere and elevated CO and temperature in the atmosphere due to the rapid acceleration of industrialization and global climate change. In this study, we deployed a hydroponics-based experiment to explore the individual and mutual effects of different temperatures (low temperature, T1: 23°C; high temperature, T2: 27°C) and CO concentrations (ambient CO: 360 ppm; medium CO: 450 ppm; high CO: 700 ppm) on the uptake and translocation of sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.0, 0.

Merging the occurrence possibility into gene co-expression network deciphers the importance of exogenous 2-oxoglutarate in improving the growth of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress.

Thiocyanate (SCN) can find its way into cultivated fields, which might hamper the harmony in carbon and nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants, ebbing their quality and productivity. In the current study, we investigated the role of the exogenous application of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) in maintaining homeostasis of CNM in rice seedlings under SCN stress. Results showed that SCN exposure significantly repressed the gene expression and activities of CNM-related enzymes (e.

Exogenous proline activated an integrated response of NER and HR pathways to reduce DNA damage in rice seedlings under chromium stress.

The DNA damage induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] pollutant causes a genotoxic effect on rice seedlings. Hereby, we examined the effects of exogenous proline (Pro) on the alleviation of DNA damage in rice seedlings under different effective concentrations of Cr(VI). Our results revealed that Cr(VI) stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.

Spatial-temporal variations of proline and related amino acids reveal distinct nitrogenous utilization strategies in rice during detoxification of exogenous cyanide.

Cyanide (CN) pollution in agricultural systems impairs amino acid metabolism in rice plants, hence decreasing their quality and yield. Meanwhile, little is known about the effects of CN assimilation on the innate pool of proline (Pro) and its synthesis-related amino acids (Pro-AAs) in rice plants. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of exogenous KCN on indigenous levels of Pro-AAs, i.

Transcriptome reveals the crucial role of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in alleviation of thiocyanate (SCN) toxicity in rice seedlings.

Application of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a novel strategy for alleviation of the adverse effects caused by abiotic stresses. However, little is known about HS-mediated global molecular response of rice seedlings to thiocyanate (SCN) exposure. Herein, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the crucial role of exogenous HS in alleviation of SCN toxicity generated at different effective concentrations (EC: 24.

Evaluating the significance of amino acids (AAs) in cyanide-treated rice plants under different nitrogen fertilization using the relative importance index of AA.

The biosynthesis of amino acids (AAs) in plants is affected by different nitrogen (N) sources. The effects of exogenous cyanide (KCN) on the concentrations and profiles of AAs in rice seedlings were carried out in the presence of nitrate (+NO)/ammonium (+NH) or N deficiency (-N). Targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that the highest accumulation of AAs in CN-treated rice seedlings was detected in the "CN+NH" treatments than in other treatments, wherein the doses of exogenous KCN did not significantly affect the total amount of AAs in rice seedlings at the same N fertilized condition.

Regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in rice seedlings against chromium stress through sodium hydrosulfide and sodium nitroprusside.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) play a well-organized protective mechanism in coping with oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. However, the comparative effects of HS and NO on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants under Cr(III) stress have not been defined. In this study, we mathematically evaluate the importance of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on these two antioxidant systems in rice seedlings under Cr(III) stress.

Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Activity Changes of Land Plant Polysaccharides: A Review.

Plant polysaccharides are widely found in nature and have a variety of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antitumoral. Due to their low toxicity and easy absorption, they are widely used in the health food and pharmaceutical industries. However, low activity hinders the wide application.

Proline-mediated modulation on DNA repair pathway in rice seedlings under chromium stress by integrating gene chip and co-expression network analysis.

Chromium (Cr) stress can cause oxidative burst to plants. Application of exogenous proline (Pro) is one of the most effective approaches to improve the tolerance of plants to Cr stress. In this study, we integrated the data of gene chip with co-expression network analysis to identify the key pathways involved in the DNA repair processes in rice seedlings under Cr(VI) stress.

Proline-mediated regulation on jasmonate signals repressed anthocyanin accumulation through the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex in rice under chromium exposure.

Toxic metal-induced overaccumulation of anthocyanin (ATH) in plants can oxidize proteins and break DNA. Herein, the role of exogenous proline (Pro) on the repression of ATH accumulation in rice seedlings during hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure was studied. Results indicated that exogenous Pro-mediated regulation of jasmonate signals activated the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex to repress ATH accumulation in rice tissues under Cr(VI) stress.

Implications of the fate of hydrogen sulfide derived from assimilation of thiocyanate in rice plants.

Thiocyanate (SCN) is a sulfur-containing pollutant, which is frequently detected in irrigation water and has negative effects on plant growth and crop yields. Uptake and assimilation of exogenous SCN in rice plants was evident, in which two metabolic pathways, carbonyl sulfide (COS) and cyanate (CNO), are activated. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important concomitant derived from detoxification of exogenous SCN in rice plants, which may cause coupling action on the endogenous source of HS from sulfur metabolism.

Mathematical quantification of interactive complexity of transcription factors involved in proline-mediated regulative strategies in Oryza sativa under chromium stress.

Involvement of transcription factor (TFs) in governing genes at transcription or post transcription level is known to have affirmative impact on plant physiological and morphological development, especially during environmental abuse. Application of exogenous proline (Pro) is one among the effective approaches to strengthen plant resistance against stresses. However, Pro-mediated regulative strategies of TFs in responses to the chromium (Cr) in rice plants through the gene interaction network are still not clear.

Involvement of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) and sulfurtransferase (ST) in cyanide (CN) assimilation in rice seedlings.

In spite of available information demonstrating the assimilation of cyanide (CN) by β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) in plants, involvement of sulfurtransferase (ST) in CN assimilation in rice plants is still undefined. In this study, a microcosmic hydroponic system was used to investigate the involvement of β-cyanoalanine synthase (β-CAS) and sulfurtransferase (ST) in the CN assimilation in rice seedlings under the exposure of potassium cyanide (KCN) in presence or absence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Our results indicated that the measurable thiocyanate (SCN) was detected in both rice roots and shoots under KCN exposure, and the abundances of ST-related transcripts were up-regulated significantly (p < 0.

Tracing the pollution and human risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural area nearby the cyanide baths from an active private gold mine in Hainan Province, China.

Mining activities are well-known sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution, which often jeopardize the biosphere, pedosphere, and hydrosphere. However, the soil and groundwater pollution caused by active private mining activities has long been neglected. This study investigated the occurrence of PTEs and cyanide (CN) in agricultural soils, mine tailings, and groundwater nearby the cyanide baths from a private gold mine in Hainan Province, southern China.

Indigenous Proline is a Two-Dimensional Safety-Relief Valve in Balancing Specific Amino Acids in Rice under Hexavalent Chromium Stress.

This study highlights the roles of different N sources (N starvation [-N], nitrate [+NO], and ammonium [+NH]) in specific amino acids involved in rice proline (Pro) metabolism under hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress. In treatment with Cr(VI) - N, the content of glutamate (Glu) in shoots was comparable to that of Pro, while the content of Glu in the roots was significantly higher than that of Pro. In case of treatment with Cr(VI) + NO/NH, the content of Glu in both tissues was significantly higher than that of Pro, suggesting that the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione was most likely involved.