Sophorae tonkinensis radix et rhizoma: A comprehensive review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and detoxification strategy.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR), the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., is commonly used in the treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis, throat soreness and throat obstruction, swelling and aching of gum, etc. in China or other Asian countries.

Dissection of potential anti-osteoporosis mechanism of isopsoralen - a quality control marker in Psoraleae Fructus - by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Rationale: Isopsoralen (ISO), a quality control marker (Q-marker) in Psoraleae Fructus, is proven to present an obvious anti-osteoporosis effect. Until now, the metabolism and anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of ISO have not been fully elucidated, greatly restricting its drug development.

Methods: The metabolites of ISO in rats were profiled by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into a Series of CBO Compounds Mediated by LaBO Anions: Synergy of the Electron Transfer and Lewis Pair Mechanisms to Construct B-C Bonds.

Converting CO into value-added products containing B-C bonds is a great challenge, especially for multiple B-C bonds, which are versatile building blocks for organoborane chemistry. In the condensed phase, the B-C bond is typically formed through transition metal-catalyzed direct borylation of hydrocarbons via C-H bond activation or transition metal-catalyzed insertion of carbenes into B-H bonds. However, excessive amounts of powerful boryl reagents are required, and products containing B-C bonds are complex.

Chemical profiling of Zhi-Ke-Bao pills and its potential mechanism against cough by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology.

Zhi-Ke-Bao pills (ZKB), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of 13 herbs, is generally used to treat cough caused by external wind cold, phlegm, etc in clinical applications, and it plays a core role in relieving cough caused by COVID-19 and influenza in China. Till now, the understanding of its chemical constituents was dramatically limited due to its chemical complexity, restricting its clinical application or development. In this work, a developed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) method, a targeted and non-targeted strategy and network pharmacology were used to comprehensively characterize the chemical compositions in ZKB and predict its mechanism against cough.

Multi-omics and chemical profiling approaches to understand the material foundation and pharmacological mechanism of sophorae tonkinensis radix et rhizome-induced liver injury in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR) is an extensively applied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in southwest China. However, its clinical application is relatively limited due to its hepatotoxicity effects.

Aim Of The Study: To understand the material foundation and liver injury mechanism of STR.

The phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity of Forsythiae Fructus: An updated systematic review.

Forsythiae Fructus (FF), the dried fruit of F. suspensa, is commonly used to treat fever, inflammation, etc in China or other Asian countries. FF is usually used as the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of influenza, such as Shuang-huang-lian oral liquid and Yin-qiao powder, etc.

A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Abri Herba (Ji-Gu-Cao).

Abri Herba (AH, known as 'Ji-Gu-Cao' in China) has a long-term medicinal history of treating cholecystitis, acute and chronic hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in China or other Asian countries. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of AH in terms of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. The information involved in the study was collected from a variety of electronic resources, and >100 scientific studies have been used since 1962.

A machine learning approach to differentiate wide QRS tachycardia: distinguishing ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia.

Background: Differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia (WQCT) has been a challenging issue. Published algorithms to distinguish ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) have limited diagnostic capabilities.

Methods: A total of 278 patients with WQCT from January 2010 to March 2022 were enrolled.

Nitrogen adsorption on NbCH cations: the important role of benzyne (-CH).

N adsorption is a prerequisite for activation and transformation. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments show that the NbCH cation, resulting from the gas-phase reaction of Nb with CH, is more favorable for N adsorption than Nb and Nb cations. Density functional theory calculations reveal the effect of the -CH ligand on N adsorption.

The comparative analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos: A systematical review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) were once used as the same herb in China, but they were distinguished by Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2005 in terms of their medicinal history, plant morphology, medicinal properties and chemical constituents. However, their functions, flavor, and meridian tropism are the same according to the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, making researchers and customers confused.

Aim Of The Review: This review aimed to provide a comparative analysis of LJF and LF in order to provide a rational application in future research.

Activation and Transformation of Methane on Boron-Doped Cobalt Oxide Cluster Cations CoBO.

The cleavage of inert C-H bonds in methane at room temperature and the subsequent conversion into value-added products are quite challenging. Herein, the reactivity of boron-doped cobalt oxide cluster cations CoBO toward methane under thermal collision conditions was studied by mass spectrometry experiments and quantum-chemical calculations. In this reaction, one H atom and the CH unit of methane were transformed separately to generate the product metaboric acid (HBO) and one CoCH ion, respectively.

Manipulating Reactivity of Ir(CH) Cations toward Dinitrogen at Room Temperature: A Unique Dependence on the Organic Ligand Structures.

Nitrogen (N) activation at room temperature has long been a great challenge. Therefore, the rational design of reactive species to adsorb N, which is a prerequisite for cleavage of the strong N≡N triple bond in industrial and biological processes, is highly desirable and meaningful. Herein, the N adsorption process is controlled by regulating the types and numbers of organic ligands, and the organic ligands are produced through the reactions of Ir with methane and ethane.

Features of synchronous and metachronous dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer.

Background: Studies evaluating the characteristics of dual primary gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) (DPGCC) are limited.

Aim: To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous cancers in patients with DPGCC.

Methods: From October 2010 to August 2021, patients with DPGCC were retrospectively reviewed.

Dissection of the antitumor mechanism of tetrandrine based on metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Rationale: Tetrandrine, the Q-marker in Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, was proven to present an obvious antitumor effect. Until now, the metabolism and antitumor mechanism of tetrandrine have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: The metabolites of tetrandrine in rats were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Mucin1 induced trophoblast dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: To elucidate the role of Mucin1 (MUC1) in the trophoblast function (glucose uptake and apoptosis) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Methods: Glucose uptake was analyzed by plasma GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels with ELISA and measured by the expression of GLUT4 and INSR with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Apoptosis was measured by the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase3 by Western blotting and flow cytometry.

Coupling of N and O in the Gas Phase to Synthesize Nitric Oxide at Room Temperature: A Zeldovich-Like Strategy.

Dinitrogen (N) activation and its chemical transformations are some of the most challenging topics in chemistry. Herein, we report that heteronuclear metal anions AuNbBO can mediate the direct coupling of N and O to generate NO molecules. N first forms the nondissociative adsorption product AuNbBON on AuNbBO.

Risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with stage II colorectal cancer.

Background: Recurrences are the main reasons for unfavorable outcomes for patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). To obtain a clear understanding of the high-risk factors, further investigation is warranted. The present study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence in patients with stage II CRC.

Genistein Modified with 8-Prenyl Group Suppresses Osteoclast Activity Directly via Its Prototype but Not Metabolite by Gut Microbiota.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a significant threat to human health globally. Genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, is regarded as a promising anti-osteoporosis drug with the effects of promoting osteoblastogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis. However, its oral bioavailability (6.

Cytotoxic Cyclodepsipeptides and Cyclopentane Derivatives from a Plant-Associated Fungus sp.

In this work, four new cyclodepsipeptides, fusarihexins C-E (-) and enniatin Q (), four new cyclopentane derivatives, fusarilins A-D (-), together with eight known compounds (-), were isolated from cultures of the endophytic fungus sp. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were determined using Marfey's method, a modified Mosher's method, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD analysis.

A novel strategy by integrating chemical profiling, molecular networking, chemical isolation, and activity evaluation to target isolation of potential anti-ACE2 candidates in Forsythiae Fructus.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as a large database containing hundreds to thousands of chemical constituents that can be further developed as clinical drugs, such as artemisinin in Artemisia annua. However, effectively exploring novel candidates is still a challenge faced by researchers.

Purpose: In this work, an integrated strategy combining chemical profiling, molecular networking, chemical isolation, and activity evaluation (CMCA strategy) was proposed and applied to systematically characterize and screen novel candidates, and Forsythiae fructus (FF) was used as an example.

Dissection of the potential anti-diabetes mechanism of salvianolic acid B by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Rationale: Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the Q-marker in Salvia miltiorrhiza, was proved to present an obvious anti-diabetes effect when treated as a food intake. Until now, the metabolism feature, tissue distribution and anti-diabetes mechanism of Sal B have not been fully elucidated.

Methods: The metabolites of Sal B in rats were profiled using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Characterization of metabolic fate of phellodendrine and its potential pharmacological mechanism against diabetes mellitus by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology.

Rationale: Characterizing the functional mechanism of quality control marker (Q-marker) was of great importance in revealing the primary pharmacological mechanism of herbs or the other complex system, and drug-related metabolites always contribute to the pharmacological functions. Cortex Phellodendri was used as a core herb in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). As a Q-marker of Cortex Phellodendri, the role of phellodendrine in DM was still unclear.