Cerebral cortex changes in FD, IBS, and GERD: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Prospective and cross-sectional studies have reported an association between functional gastrointestinal disorders and anxiety and depression. However, the causal relationship remains uncertain. To clarify this, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal effects of common gastrointestinal disorders on cortical structures.

Investigating the proliferative inhibition of HepG2 cells by exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Centella asiatica extract through metabolomics.

Nano-particles demonstrating excellent anticancer properties have gradually found application in cancer therapy. However, their widespread use is impeded by their potential toxicity, high cost, and the complexity of the preparation process. In this study, we achieved exosome-like Centella asiatica-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) through a straightforward juicing and high-speed centrifugation process.

Evaluating the causal relationship between human blood metabolites and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects approximately 13% of the global population. However, the pathogenesis of GERD has not been fully elucidated. The development of metabolomics as a branch of systems biology in recent years has opened up new avenues for the investigation of disease processes.

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics reveal the action mechanisms of vincristine combined with celastrol against colon cancer.

Colon cancer is associated with a high mortality rate. Vincristine (VCR) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. Celastrol (CEL) is an effective component which exerts inhibitory effects on colon cancer.

Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea.

Chronic diarrhea, including diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), osmotic diarrhea, bile acid diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is a common problem which is highly associated with disorders of the gut microbiota composition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and so on. A growing number of studies have supported the view that Chinese herbal formula alleviates the symptoms of diarrhea by modulating the fecal microbiota. Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in Chinese herbs and function as important active ingredients.

Fluoride derivatization-enabled sensitive and simultaneous detection of biomarkers for nitrogen mustard in human plasma and urine gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Methyl-diethanolamine (CAS: 105-59-9), ethyl-diethanolamine (CAS: 139-87-7), and triethanolamine (CAS: 102-71-6) were identified as the degradation products and bio-markers of nitrogen mustard exposure. Sensitive and convenient detection methods for amino alcohol are of great importance to identify nitrogen mustard exposure in forensic analysis. Herein, analytical methods including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with heptafluorobutyryl derivatization and solid phase extraction were established for retrospective detection of the biomarkers in human plasma and urine samples.

Jian-Pi-Yin decoction attenuates lactose-induced chronic diarrhea in rats by regulating GLP-1 and reducing NHE3 ubiquitination and phosphorylation.

Objectives: Jian-Pi-Yin decoction (JPY), a prescription derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San, has shown good clinical efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea caused by lactose intolerance. However, the mechanism of action of JPY in the treatment of diarrhea is not fully understood.

Design: In this study, a rat diarrhea model was induced by high lactose feeding combined with standing on a small platform to investigate the ameliorating effect of JPY on hyper lactose-induced diarrhea in rats and its possible mechanism.

Irritable bowel syndrome: Epidemiology, overlap disorders, pathophysiology and treatment.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disease with a significant impact on patients' quality of life and a high socioeconomic burden. And the understanding of IBS has changed since the release of the Rome IV diagnosis in 2016. With the upcoming Rome V revision, it is necessary to review the results of IBS research in recent years.

Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Drug Discovery of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple factors. The high incidence and the aging of the global population make it a growing global health concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The clinical manifestations are progressive cognitive dysfunction and lack of behavioral ability, which not only seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly, but also bring a heavy burden to the family and society.

Effect of Argatroban Plus Intravenous Alteplase vs Intravenous Alteplase Alone on Neurologic Function in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ARAIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous studies suggested a benefit of argatroban plus alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, robust evidence in trials with large sample sizes is lacking.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of argatroban plus alteplase for AIS.

Research progress on metabolomics in the quality evaluation and clinical study of Panax ginseng.

Panax ginseng, an essential component of traditional medicine and often referred to as the king of herbs, has played a pivotal role in medicine globally for several millennia. Previously, traditional phytochemical methods were mainly used for quality evaluation and pharmacological mechanism studies of ginseng, resulting in the lack of systematicness and innovation and hindering the development and utilization of ginseng resources. Since the beginning of the new century, systems biology technology represented by metabolomics has shown unique advantages in the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine, establishing a bridge for communication between traditional medicine and modern medicine.

Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Colonic Fibrosis in Rats with Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Inhibiting the Leptin/LepRb Pathway.

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with immune dysregulation and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Through traditional medicine, the active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix called paeoniflorin (PF) was previously found to prevent the symptoms of PI-IBS. However, there is limited information on the effects of PF on intestinal function and depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in PI-IBS animal models.

Urinary metabolomics analysis to reveal metabolic mechanism of guanxinning injection on heart failure with renal dysfunction.

Consistently, the multiple heart-kidney interactions make pharmaceutical research for cardiorenal syndrome difficult and complex. Guanxinning Injection (GXN) has been reported to provide unique advantage for treating cardiac and renal diseases compared to typical monotherapies. However, the protection mechanism of GXN is largely unknown.

Tojapride Reverses Esophageal Epithelial Inflammatory Responses on Reflux Esophagitis Model Rats.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Tojapride, a Chinese herbal formula extract, on strengthening the barrier function of esophageal epithelium in rats with reflux esophagitis (RE).

Methods: Ten out of 85 SD rats were randomly selected as the sham group (n10), and 75 rats were developed a reflux esophagitis model (RE) by the esophageal and duodenal side-to-side anastomosis. Fifty successful modeling rats were divided into different medicated groups through a random number table including the model, low-, medium-, and high-dose of Tojapride as well as omeprazole groups (n10).

Relative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a case report and literature review.

Objective: To report the long-term survival of a patient with maternal plasmacytoid dendritic cell tumor (BPDCN) treated by allo-HSCT.

Methods: The patient was diagnosed by skin infiltration, bone marrow involvement, skin biopsy and bone marrow cytology. CD4, CD56, and CR123 were expressed in tumor cells.

Tojapride prevents CaSR-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oesophageal epithelium irritated by acidic bile salts.

Impairment of the oesophageal epithelium in patients with reflux oesophagitis (RE) is a cytokine-mediated injury rather than a chemical burn. The present study was conducted to explore CaSR/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation and cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 release in oesophageal epithelia injured by refluxates and the effects of Tojapride on that signal regulation. Using a modified RE rat model with Tojapride administration and Tojapride-pretreated SV40-immortalized human oesophageal epithelial cells (HET-1A) exposed to acidic bile salts pretreated with Tojapride, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Tojapride on oesophageal epithelial barrier function, the expression of CaSR/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related proteins and the release of downstream cytokines in response to acidic bile salt irritation.

Chang'an II Decoction ( II )-Containing Serum Ameliorates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction via MLCK-MLC Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Chang'an II Decoction ( II ))-containing serum on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in rats.

Methods: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced injury of Caco-2 monolayers were established as an inflammatory model of human intestinal epithelium. Caco-2 monolayers were treated with blank serum and Chang'an II Decoction-containing serum that obtained from the rats which were treated with distilled water and Chang'an II Decoction intragastrically at doses of 0.

Determination of benzo()pyrene in fried and baked foods by HPLC combined with vesicular coacervative supramolecular solvent extraction.

A simple, rapid and low-cost determination method of benzo()pyrene in fried and baked foods was proposed by high performance liquid chromatography combined with vesicular coacervative supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) extraction. The vesicular coacervate was composed of 1-octanol and tetrabutylammonium bromide. 200 mg of dried samples with 600 μL SUPRAS could be mixed to extract benzo()pyrene.

Severe thoracic trauma caused left pneumonectomy complicated by right traumatic wet lung, reversed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support-a case report.

Background: Double lumen intubation and one-lung ventilation should be applied without delay in cases of traumatic main bronchial rupture. In most cases, when the patients' vital signs have been stabilized, the repair can be performed. However, when one-lung ventilation is complicated by traumatic wet lung, the mortality rate is likely to be much higher.

Shen-ling-bai-zhu-san, a spleen-tonifying Chinese herbal formula, alleviates lactose-induced chronic diarrhea in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shen-ling-bai-zhu-san (SLBZS) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" in Song-dynasty. It has been widely used for treating gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea with poor appetite for about 900 years. The present study is to observe the effects of SLBZS on high lactose diet-induced chronic diarrhea.

New steroidal glycosides from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Two new steroidal glycosides (named fibrophiopogonins A, B), along with one known glycoside, were isolated from the fibrous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus (Liliaceae). Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the results of acid hydrolysis allowed the chemical structure of the compounds to be assigned as 26-[(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-D-glucopyranosyl)]-barogenin- 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside and (25R)-26-[(O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)]- 3β,22α,26- trihydroxyfurost- 5-ene-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside. This is the first isolation of a cholestane glycoside with disaccharide moiety from a Ophiopogon species.

c-Kit mutation reduce intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration, but not influence intestinal permeability stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

The proto-oncogene c-kit, as a marker of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role in the ICCs. Although limited evidences showed c-kit is present in the colonic epithelium but its roles remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression, location and function of c-kit in the intestinal epithelium.

Efficacy and safety of Xiangsha Liujunzi granules for functional dyspepsia: A multi-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), Xiangsha Liujunzi granules, in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with patients from three centers. Two hundred and sixteen subjects diagnosed with FD according to ROME III criteria and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and spleen-deficiency and Qi-stagnation syndrome were selected to receive Xiangsha Liujunzi granules or placebo for 4 wk in a 2:1 ratio by blocked randomization.

[The Effect of Ruxolitinib on the Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in Leukemia HEL Cells].

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Ruxolitinib on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) in HEL cells.

Methods: he HEL cells were treated with Ruxolitinib in different concentrations (1 nmol/L, 5 nmol/L, 10 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L, 100 nmol/L, 500 nmol/L). The growth inhibition of Ruxolitinib on HEL cells was detected by CCK-8 assay;the mRNA expression level of were measured by RT-PCR and the protein level of p-JAK2, VEGF, HIF-1α were observed by Western blot after treated with Ruxolitinib for 24,48,72 h.