Primate-specific BTN3A2 protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by interacting with and reducing ACE2.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an immune-related disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The complete pathogenesis of the virus remains to be determined. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 interactions with host cells is crucial for the formulation of effective prophylactic measures and the advancement of COVID-19 therapeutics.

Treatment outcome, toxicity, and quality of life of patients with bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

The disease failure patterns and optimal treatment of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma are unknown. This retrospective study involved 71 patients with primary BALT lymphoma who had received radiotherapy (RT), surgery, immunochemotherapy (IC), or observation. The median follow-up time was 66 months.

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision versus transanal total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) are popular mid and low rectal cancer trends. However, there is currently no systematic comparison between LaTME and TaTME of mid and low rectal cancer. Therefore, we systematically study the perioperative and pathological outcomes of LaTME and TaTME in mid and low rectal cancer.

Outcomes following KRAS inhibitor treatment in patients with KRAS-mutated solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved KRAS inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutated solid tumors.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and major international conferences for clinical trials published in English up to March 6, 2023. Clinical trials investigating sotorasib or adagrasib and reporting the clinical outcomes of the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), or incidence rate of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs) were eligible.

Multicenter phase II study of moderate low-dose radiotherapy in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma: CLCG-iNHL-01 protocol.

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL); however, the optimal radiotherapy dose remains to be determined. We hypothesize that a suitable dose may exist between 4 and 24 Gy. This prospective multicenter phase II trial intends to recruit 73 sites of iNHL patients, who will receive involved-site radiotherapy of 12 Gy in four fractions.

Abnormality of anxious behaviors and functional connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal lobe in maternally deprived monkeys.

Objective: Anxious behaviors often occur in individuals who have experienced early adversity. Anxious behaviors can bring many hazards, such as social withdrawal, eating disorders, negative self-efficacy, self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, anxiety disorders, and even depression. Abnormal behavior are is closely related to changes in corresponding circuit functions in the brain.

Entangling of Peptide Nanofibers Reduces the Invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2.

The viral spike (S) protein on the surface of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the host cells, facilitating its entry and infection. Here, functionalized nanofibers targeting the S protein with peptide sequences of IRQFFKK, WVHFYHK and NSGGSVH, which are screened from a high-throughput one-bead one-compound screening strategy, are designed and prepared. The flexible nanofibers support multiple binding sites and efficiently entangle SARS-CoV-2, forming a nanofibrous network that blocks the interaction between the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 on host cells, and efficiently reduce the invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: Advances in Proteomics.

Autism is a class of developmental disorders with extremely high rates of disability, affecting patients throughout their lives. There is no cure to date clinically, and early rehabilitation interventions can improve some of the behavioral problems of autistic patients, but these are limited by age and often have minimal effects in older adults with autism. Early diagnosis is also necessary while developing effective autism therapies.

A variant-proof SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting HR1 domain in S2 subunit of spike protein.

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, commonly with many mutations in S1 subunit of spike (S) protein are weakening the efficacy of the current vaccines and antibody therapeutics. This calls for the variant-proof SARS-CoV-2 vaccines targeting the more conserved regions in S protein. Here, we designed a recombinant subunit vaccine, HR121, targeting the conserved HR1 domain in S2 subunit of S protein.

Characteristics of replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates.

The continuously arising of SARS-CoV-2 variants has been posting a great threat to public health safety globally, from B.1.17 (Alpha), B.

Association of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics.

Methods: A hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Specific inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome suppresses immune overactivation and alleviates COVID-19 like pathology in mice.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a great threat to global public health since 2020. Although the advance on vaccine development has been largely achieved, a strategy to alleviate immune overactivation in severe COVID-19 patients is still needed. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated with COVID-19 severity.

A Rare Subtype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Report of 159 Resected Pathological Stage I-IIIA Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma Cases.

The current study analyzed resected stage I-IIIA pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) cases to define the clinical characteristics, prognosis and long-term outcomes of resected LELC, with the purpose of guiding clinical management for this rare tumor. Resected stage I-IIIA LELC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases from our center were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize the selection bias.

A pathogen-like antigen-based vaccine confers immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates.

Activation of nucleic acid sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in B cells is involved in antiviral responses by promoting B cell activation and germinal center responses. In order to take advantage of this natural pathway for vaccine development, synthetic pathogen-like antigens (PLAs) constructed of multivalent antigens with encapsulated TLR ligands can be used to activate B cell antigen receptors and TLRs in a synergistic manner. Here we report a PLA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate designed by combining a phage-derived virus-like particle carrying bacterial RNA as TLR ligands with the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein as the target antigen.

Pro-inflammatory microenvironment and systemic accumulation of CXCR3+ cell exacerbate lung pathology of old rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Understanding the pathological features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in an animal model is crucial for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we compared immunopathological changes in young and old rhesus macaques (RMs) before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection at the tissue level. Quantitative analysis of multiplex immunofluorescence staining images of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection specifically induced elevated levels of apoptosis, autophagy, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)+ cells, and increased interferon α (IFN-α)- and interleukin 6 (IL-6)-secreting cells and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)+ cells in lung tissue of old RMs.

Interferon-armed RBD dimer enhances the immunogenicity of RBD for sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global crisis, urgently necessitating the development of safe, efficacious, convenient-to-store, and low-cost vaccine options. A major challenge is that the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-only vaccine fails to trigger long-lasting protective immunity if used alone for vaccination. To enhance antigen processing and cross-presentation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs), we developed an interferon (IFN)-armed RBD dimerized by an immunoglobulin fragment (I-R-F).

A recombinant receptor-binding domain in trimeric form generates protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates.

A safe and effective vaccine is critical to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we developed a trimeric SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit vaccine candidate that simulates the natural structure of the spike (S) trimer glycoprotein. Immunization with the RBD trimer-induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, and a high level of neutralizing antibodies was maintained for at least 4.