Hemostatic and antimicrobial properties of chitosan-based wound healing dressings: A review.

Uncontrolled bleeding and microbial infections pose significant hurdles in wound healing, and the use of specialized functional dressings is pivotal in overcoming these obstacles. Among the various wound dressings currently under investigation, those based on chitosan and its derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their superior biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, hemostatic capabilities, and healing promoting ability. In this comprehensive review, we initially delve into the hemostatic capabilities of chitosan, elucidating its interactions with blood cells and plasma proteins.

Lightweight UAV Landing Model Based on Visual Positioning.

In order to enhance the precision of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) landings and realize the convenient and rapid deployment of the model to the mobile terminal, this study proposes a Land-YOLO lightweight UAV-guided landing algorithm based on the YOLOv8 n model. Firstly, GhostConv replaces standard convolutions in the backbone network, leveraging existing feature maps to create additional "ghost" feature maps via low-cost linear transformations, thereby lightening the network structure. Additionally, the CSP structure of the neck network is enhanced by incorporating the PartialConv structure.

Frontotemporal structure preservation underlies the protective effect of lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve on cognition in the elderly.

Background: Cognitive decline with age has heterogeneous, which might be related to the accumulation of protective factors called cognitive reserve, especially intellectual engagement factors over the life course. However, how lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve (LICR) protects cognitive function in the elderly remains unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between LICR and cognition and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk, as well as the neural mechanism of LICR on cognition.

Polysaccharide- and protein-based hydrogel dressings that enhance wound healing: A review.

Hydrogels can possess desired biochemical and mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, satisfactory biodegradability, and biological capabilities that promote skin repair, making them ideal candidates for skin healing dressings. Polysaccharides, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate as well as proteins, including gelatin, collagen and fibroin proteins, are biological macromolecules celebrated for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, are at the forefront of innovative hydrogel dressing development. This work first summarizes the skin wound healing process and its influencing factors, and then systematically articulates the multifunctional roles of hydrogels based on biological macromolecules (polysaccharides and proteins) as dressing in addressing bacterial infection, hemorrhage and inflammation during wound healing.

An Improved YOLOv8 OBB Model for Ship Detection through Stable Diffusion Data Augmentation.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with cameras offer extensive monitoring capabilities and exceptional maneuverability, making them ideal for real-time ship detection and effective ship management. However, ship detection by camera-equipped UAVs faces challenges when it comes to multi-viewpoints, multi-scales, environmental variability, and dataset scarcity. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a data augmentation method based on stable diffusion to generate new images for expanding the dataset.

ADM-SLAM: Accurate and Fast Dynamic Visual SLAM with Adaptive Feature Point Extraction, Deeplabv3pro, and Multi-View Geometry.

Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (V-SLAM) plays a crucial role in the development of intelligent robotics and autonomous navigation systems. However, it still faces significant challenges in handling highly dynamic environments. The prevalent method currently used for dynamic object recognition in the environment is deep learning.

Cerebellar gray matter and white matter damage among older adults with prediabetes.

Aims: To investigate alterations in cerebrum and cerebellum in prediabetes. Cerebellar injury in diabetes is traceable, but it has not been systematically studied, and whether cerebellar injury occurs and the degree of damage in prediabetes are not known.

Methods: The current study investigated cerebral and cerebellar gray matter volume, white matter volume, white matter microstructure and white matter hyperintensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion tensor imaging scans in 78 individuals with normal glucose metabolism, 92 with prediabetes, and 108 with type 2 diabetes.

Vascular Risk Factors and Brain Health in Aging: Insights from a Community-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The aging population and high rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) create significant medical burdens, prompting a need for early prevention. Targeting modifiable risk factors like vascular risk factors (VRFs), closely linked to AD, may provide a promising strategy for intervention.

Objective: This study investigates how VRFs influence cognitive performance and brain structures in a community-based cohort.

Age-related enhancement of the association between episodic memory and gray matter volume in medial temporal and frontal lobes.

Background: Episodic memory (EM) deteriorates as a result of normal aging as well as Alzheimer's disease. The neural underpinnings of such age-related memory impairments in older individuals are not well-understood. Although previous research has unveiled the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and EM in the elderly population, such findings exhibit variances across distinct age cohorts.

Cortical thickness reveals sex differences in verbal and visuospatial memory.

Although previous studies have reported the sex differences in behavior/cognition and the brain, the sex difference in the relationship between memory abilities and the underlying neural basis in the aging process remains unclear. In this study, we used a machine learning model to estimate the association between cortical thickness and verbal/visuospatial memory in females and males and then explored the sex difference of these associations based on a community-elderly cohort (n = 1153, age ranged from 50.42 to 86.

Mortality Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV Receiving Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural China.

Background: Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in Henan Province in 2009. The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) starting this therapy is increasing.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the survival and factors affecting mortality among this group.

Effect of the duration of hypertension on white matter structure and its link with cognition.

The relation between hypertension (HTN) and cognition has been reported inclusive results, which may be affected by disease duration. Our study aimed to examine the influence of HTN duration on cognition and its underlying white matter (WM) changes including macrostructural WM hyperintensities (WMH) and microstructural WM integrity. A total of 1218 patients aged ≥55 years with neuropsychological assessment and a subgroup of 233 people with imaging data were recruited and divided into 3 groups (short duration: <5 years, medium duration: 5-20 years, long duration: >20 years).

Wool keratin/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 composite shape memory sponge with synergistic hemostatic performance for rapid hemorrhage control.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage and subsequent wound infection pose severe threats to life, especially in the case of deep, non-compressible, massive bleeding. Here, a wool keratin/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (WK/ZIF-8) composite shape memory sponge is prepared by incorporating ZIF-8 nanoparticles into wool keratin. The combination of keratin and ZIF-8 particles not only reduces the effect of ZIF-8 particles on cell viability but also bolsters the mechanical properties of the keratin sponge and endows it with antibacterial efficacy.

Polydopamine functionalized polyurethane shape memory sponge with controllable expansion performance triggered by near-infrared light for incompressible hemorrhage control.

Uncontrolled expansion of shape memory sponges face a significant challenge in the treatment of lethal incompressible hemorrhage, which can lead to blood overflow or damage to the surrounding tissue. Herein, we developed a polydopamine functionalized polyurethane shape memory sponge (PDA-TPI-PU) with a controllable degree of expansion by near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered stimulation for the treatment of incompressible hemorrhage. The sponge has excellent liquid absorption performance and robust mechanical strength as well as good photothermal conversion ability.

Multi-domain cognition dysfunction accompanies frontoparietal and temporal amyloid accumulation in the elderly.

It is helpful to understand the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by exploring the relationship between amyloid-β accumulation and cognition. The study explored the relationship between regional amyloid-β accumulation and multiple cognitions and study their application value in the Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. 135 participants completed 18F-florbetapir Positron Emission Tomography (PET), structural MRI, and a cognitive battery.

Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification.

Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation.

Brain Network Organization and Aging.

Despite recent substantial progress in neuroscience, the mechanisms and principles of the complex structure, functions, and the relationship between the brain and cognitive functions have not been fully understood. The modeling method of brain network can provide a new perspective for neuroscience research, and it is possible to provide new solutions to the related research problems. On this basis, the researchers define the concept of human brain connectome to highlight and emphasize the importance of network modeling methods in neuroscience.

The Aging Patterns of Brain Structure, Function, and Energy Metabolism.

The normal aging process brings changes in brain structure, function, and energy metabolism, which are presumed to contribute to the age-related decline in brain function and cognitive ability. This chapter aims to summarize the aging patterns of brain structure, function, and energy metabolism to distinguish them from the pathological changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases and explore protective factors in aging. We first described the normal atrophy pattern of cortical gray matter with age, which is negatively affected by some neurodegenerative diseases and is protected by a healthy lifestyle, such as physical exercise.

White matter changes underlie hypertension-related cognitive decline in older adults.

Hypertension has been well recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the underlying mechanisms of hypertension-affected cognitive deterioration are not fully understood, white matter changes (WMCs) seem to play an important role. WMCs include low microstructural integrity and subsequent white matter macrostructural lesions, which are common on brain imaging in hypertensive patients and are critical for multiple cognitive domains.

A new strategy of transforming an ACQ compound into an AIE theranostic system for bacterial imaging and photodynamic antibacterial therapy.

An organic chemical with fluorescence quenching properties [aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ)] may often be transformed by adding functional groups that cause aggregation-induced emission (AIE) to its molecular scaffold. Such structural change techniques, however, sometimes require challenging chemical reactions. SF136 is a type of chalcone, and it is an typical ACQ organic compound.

A sensitive label-free biosensor based on AgS-sensitived BiWO/BiOBr heterojunction for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of prostate specific antigen.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and its early diagnosis can effectively reduce mortality. A new label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor on the basis of BiWO/BiOBr nanocomposite materials has been successfully prepared for the test of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human serum in this work. The AgS-sensitized BiWO/BiOBr heterojunction was used as a photosensitive material, which effectively improved the photocurrent response.

sp. nov., a novel thermotolerant bacterium isolated from river silt.

A yellow, Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, thermotolerant, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated RY-1, was isolated from a silt sample of Fuyang River, Wuqiang County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, PR China. Cells showed oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth occurred at 20-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and pH 6.

Natural products targeting glycolytic signaling pathways-an updated review on anti-cancer therapy.

Glycolysis is a complex metabolic process that occurs to convert glucose into pyruvate to produce energy for living cells. Normal cells oxidized pyruvate into adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen in mitochondria while cancer cells preferentially metabolize pyruvate to lactate even in the presence of oxygen in order to maintain a slightly acidic micro-environment of PH 6.5 and 6.

Sunitinib-based Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) reduced the protein levels of FLT-3 and c-KIT in leukemia cell lines.

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) based on multi-target inhibitors have been reported several times recently. The advantages of PROTACs technology and the synergistic mechanism of multi-target drugs endow this class of protein degraders with special research significance. Herein, twelve new PROTACs based on Sunitinib and VHL-ligand were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities.