Physician vs. AI-generated messages in urology: evaluation of accuracy, completeness, and preference by patients and physicians.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy, comprehensiveness, empathetic tone, and patient preference for AI and urologist responses to patient messages concerning common BPH questions across phases of care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study evaluating responses to 20 BPH-related questions generated by 2 AI chatbots and 4 urologists in a simulated clinical messaging environment without direct patient interaction. Accuracy, completeness, and empathetic tone of responses assessed by experts using Likert scales, and preferences and perceptions of authorship (chatbot vs.

Synergistic removal performance and mechanism of Cd(II) and As(III) from irrigation water by iron sulfide-based porous biochar.

Since Cd(II) and As(III) have extremely opposite chemical characteristics, it is a huge challenging to simultaneously remove these two ions from aqueous solutions. Therefore, a novel iron sulfide-based porous biochar (FSB) was synthesized and used to evaluate its Cd(II) and As(III) removal performance and mechanisms. The characterization and batch experiments results indicated that FeS was successfully loaded on the surface of biochar and increased its adsorption sites.

Assessment of eligibility criteria in renal cell carcinoma trials evaluating systemic therapy.

Objectives: To characterise the restrictiveness of eligibility criteria in contemporary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) trials, using recommendations from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-Friends of Cancer Research (FCR) initiative.

Methods: vPhase I-III trials assessing systemic therapies in patients with RCC starting between 30 June 2012 and 30 June 2022 were identified. Eligibility criteria regarding brain metastases, prior or concurrent malignancies, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were identified and stratified into three groups: exclusion, conditional inclusion, and not reported.

Examining Exclusion Criteria in Advanced Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials: An Assessment of recommendations From the American Society Of Clinical Oncology and Friends of Cancer Research.

Purpose: Eligibility criteria illustrate the characteristics of the study population and promote the safety of participants. However, overreliance on restrictive eligibility criteria may limit the generalizability of outcomes. As a result, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Friends of Cancer Research (Friends) issued statements to curtail these challenges.

The Risks of Ranking: Revisiting Graphical Perception to Model Individual Differences in Visualization Performance.

Graphical perception studies typically measure visualization encoding effectiveness using the error of an "average observer", leading to canonical rankings of encodings for numerical attributes: e.g., position area angle volume.

Insight into universality and characteristics of nitrate reduction coupled with arsenic oxidation in different paddy soils.

Nitrate reduction coupled with arsenic (As) oxidation strongly influences the bioavailability and toxicity of As in anaerobic environments. In the present study, five representative paddy soils developed from different parent materials were used to investigate the universality and characteristics of nitrate reduction coupled with As oxidation in paddy soils. Experimental results indicated that 99.

Distinct arsenic uptake feature in rice reveals the importance of N fertilization strategies.

The environmental behavior of arsenic (As) is commonly affected by the biogeochemical processes of iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N). In this study, field experiments were conducted to explore As uptake in rice and As translation and distribution in As-contaminated iron-rich paddy soils after applying different forms of N fertilizers, including urea (CO(NH)), ammonium bicarbonate (NHHCO), nitrate of potash (KNO), and ammonium bicarbonate + nitrate of potash (NHHCO + KNO). The results indicated that applying nitrate N fertilizer inhibited the reduction and dissolution of As-bearing iron minerals and promoted microbial-mediated As(III) oxidation in flooded soil, thus reducing the soil As bioavailability.

Effect of Apatinib Combined with Seggio on the Expression of Serum AFP and CA724 and Long-Term Survival Rate in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Undergoing Comfortable Nursing Intervention.

Objective: To study the effect of apatinib combined with seggio on the expression of serum AFP and CA724 and the long-term survival rate in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing comfort nursing intervention.

Methods: 98 advanced gastric cancer patients were divided into single-drug group and joint group. Both groups of patients were given comfort nursing intervention, the single-drug group was treated with seggio, and the joint group was treated with apatinib and seggio.

Insights into biodegradation mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate by a novel fungal isolate and its potential in bioremediation of contaminated river sediment.

In this study, Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 isolated from soil was verified to be a novel triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) degrader. Biodegradation efficiency of TPhP by Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 exceeded 90% within 6 days under the optimal conditions (pH 4-9, 30 ℃, initial concentration less than 20 mg/L). Proteomics analysis uncovered the proteins perhaps involved in hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation and sulfonation of TPhP and the primary intracellular adaptive responses of Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 to TPhP stress.

Controllable conversion of shrimp shells into chitin or derived carbon material using acidic deep eutectic solvent.

It is important to convert waste shrimp shells into chitin and its derivatives, but it still faces disadvantages of pollution and long process. In this research, deep eutectic solvents made from choline chloride (ChCl) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH) were used to convert shrimp shells into chitin or carbon materials through adjustment of temperature with a dissolution-regeneration method in one step. Obtained precipitates and regenerated products gradually changed from chitin to carbon materials with the temperature adjusted to 130 °C and 110 °C, respectively.

Bioremediation of triphenyl phosphate by Pycnoporus sanguineus: Metabolic pathway, proteomic mechanism and biotoxicity assessment.

So far, no information about the biodegradability of TPhP by white rot fungi has previously been made available, herein, Pycnoporus sanguineus was used as the representative to investigate the potential of white rot fungi in TPhP bioremediation. The results suggested that the biodegradation efficiency of 5 mg/L TPhP by P. sanguineus was 62.

Facile synthesis of self-healing and layered sodium alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel promoted by dynamic hydrogen bond.

Hydrogels are widely used in many fields but generally suffer from low mechanical strength and poor self-healing performance. Here, a novel and facile method was developed to prepare a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel with layered structure and improved properties based on sodium alginate (SA) and polyacrylamide (PAM). Systematic characterizations revealed a formation mechanism of layered structure via hydrogen bonds (HBs) promoted self-assembly of SA in the porous PAM matrix.

No mark is an island: Precision and category repulsion biases in data reproductions.

Data visualization is powerful in large part because it facilitates visual extraction of values. Yet, existing measures of perceptual precision for data channels (e.g.

Multiple effects of nitrate amendment on the transport, transformation and bioavailability of antimony in a paddy soil-rice plant system.

Nitrate (NO) is known to be actively involved in the processes of mineralization and heavy metal transformation; however, it is unclear whether and how it affects the bioavailability of antimony (Sb) in paddy soils and subsequent Sb accumulation in rice. Here, the effects of NO on Sb transformation in soil-rice system were investigated with pot experiments over the entire growth period. Results demonstrated that NO reduced Sb accumulation in brown rice by 15.

MultiCon: A Semi-Supervised Approach for Predicting Drug Function from Chemical Structure Analysis.

Semi-supervised learning has proved its efficacy in utilizing extensive unlabeled data to alleviate the use of a large amount of supervised data and improve model performance. Despite its tremendous potential, semi-supervised learning has yet to be implemented in the field of drug discovery. Empirical testing of drugs and their classification is costly and time-consuming.

Palettailor: Discriminable Colorization for Categorical Data.

We present an integrated approach for creating and assigning color palettes to different visualizations such as multi-class scatterplots, line, and bar charts. While other methods separate the creation of colors from their assignment, our approach takes data characteristics into account to produce color palettes, which are then assigned in a way that fosters better visual discrimination of classes. To do so, we use a customized optimization based on simulated annealing to maximize the combination of three carefully designed color scoring functions: point distinctness, name difference, and color discrimination.

ChartSeer: Interactive Steering Exploratory Visual Analysis With Machine Intelligence.

During exploratory visual analysis (EVA), analysts need to continually determine which subsequent activities to perform, such as which data variables to explore or how to present data variables visually. Due to the vast combinations of data variables and visual encodings that are possible, it is often challenging to make such decisions. Further, while performing local explorations, analysts often fail to attend to the holistic picture that is emerging from their analysis, leading them to improperly steer their EVA.

Non-Markovian recovery makes complex networks more resilient against large-scale failures.

Non-Markovian spontaneous recovery processes with a time delay (memory) are ubiquitous in the real world. How does the non-Markovian characteristic affect failure propagation in complex networks? We consider failures due to internal causes at the nodal level and external failures due to an adverse environment, and develop a pair approximation analysis taking into account the two-node correlation. In general, a high failure stationary state can arise, corresponding to large-scale failures that can significantly compromise the functioning of the network.

Publisher Correction: Equivalence and its invalidation between non-Markovian and Markovian spreading dynamics on complex networks.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Effect of hexavalent chromium on the biodegradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by Pycnoporus sanguineus.

The influence of Cr(VI) on the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by a typical species of white rot fungi, Pycnoporus sanguineus, was investigated in this study. The results showed that P. sanguineus together with its intracellular and extracellular enzyme could effectively degrade TBBPA.

Equivalence and its invalidation between non-Markovian and Markovian spreading dynamics on complex networks.

Epidemic spreading processes in the real world depend on human behaviors and, consequently, are typically non-Markovian in that the key events underlying the spreading dynamics cannot be described as a Poisson random process and the corresponding event time is not exponentially distributed. In contrast to Markovian type of spreading dynamics for which mathematical theories have been well developed, we lack a comprehensive framework to analyze and fully understand non-Markovian spreading processes. Here we develop a mean-field theory to address this challenge, and demonstrate that the theory enables accurate prediction of both the transient phase and the steady states of non-Markovian susceptible-infected-susceptible spreading dynamics on synthetic and empirical networks.

Metal-Free Photochemical Degradation of Lignin-Derived Aryl Ethers and Lignin by Autologous Radicals through Ionic Liquid Induction.

The degradation of lignin into aromatic products is very important, but harsh conditions and metal-based catalysts are commonly needed to cleave the inert bonds. Herein, an efficient self-initiated radical photochemical degradation for lignin-derived aryl ethers through ionic liquids (ILs) induction is demonstrated. The C-C/C-O bonds can be cleaved efficiently through free-radical-mediated reaction in the binary-ILs system 1-propenyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide [PMim][NTf ] and the Brønsted acid 1-propylsulfonic-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([PrSO HMim][OTf]) under ambient conditions.

Degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether by Pycnoporus sanguineus in the presence of copper ions.

The degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to 49.

The molecular mechanism study of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts under high glucose conditions.

To explore the molecular mechanism of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cell under high glucose conditions. We first investigated the effect of different concentrations of insulin on the osteoblast cell proliferation and cell differentiation at various time points by MTT analysis, cell cycle analysis, and expression detection of differentiation genes. Then, we used 200 ng/mL of insulin to treat the osteoblast cell at different time points for identifying the common differentially expressed mRNAs among various time points by RNA sequencing.