Fabrication of CMC-PVA-EGDE hydrogels for maintaining overall postharvest quality of small-size packaged straw mushroom.

The last-mile shipping or storage with a small-size and easy-carrying package from the distribution centers/retail markets to the customer's kitchens is a key issue to provide the fresh products for consumers. In the present study, a CMC-PVA-EGDE hydrogel with excellent transparency, highest swelling ratio value of 1011 % and complete shape recovery after dehydration was prepared by using 5 % of CMC, 1 % of PVA and 5 % of EGDE as a crosslinking agent. The prepared CMC-PVA-EGDE hydrogel with 80 % of water content maintained a high relative humidity of 92 % by absorbing and slowly-releasing the moisture in the small-size package and guaranteed the overall postharvest quality of the small-size packaged straw mushrooms to 4 d.

Fungal β-1, 3-glucanosyltransferases: A comprehensive review on classification, catalytic mechanism and functional role.

β-1,3-Glucans form the major carbohydrate component of fungal cell walls, playing a vital role in cell viability, stress response, virulence, and even healthy functions such as immuno-enhancement. The elongation and branching of β-1,3-glucans is a mystery. More evidence proved the β-1, 3-glucantransferases belonging to GH72 or GH17 family to branch and remodel the synthesized linear β-1, 3-glucan chain by cleaving its internal β-1, 3-linkage and transfer the cleaved fragment to the nonreducing end of another β-1, 3-glucan acceptor.

Improving flavor of strong fragrant rapeseed oils by supplementing commercial peptides and sugars.

The strong fragrant rapeseed oils (SFROs) attract an increasing consumers' preference due to their strong flavor and attractive appearance. With the accumulated knowledge of flavor formation pathways during producing SFROs, the present study proposed a novel method to enhance SFRO's flavor by directly adding the reducing sugars (glucose and xylose) and commercial peptides during roasting process. Results indicated that supplementation of 3 % rapeseed peptide, 1 % glucose and 0.

The Functional Characterization of the 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydratase Operon in 2-Ketogluconic Acid Industrial Producing Strain JUIM01.

Genus bacteria mainly consume glucose through the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) route due to a lack of a functional Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway. In the present study, a 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase () operon in the ED route was well investigated to find its structural characteristics and roles in the regulation of glucose consumption and 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) metabolism in the industrial 2KGA-producer JUIM01. The operon contained four structural genes of , , , and , encoding 6-PG dehydratase Edd, glucokinase Glk, response regulatory factor GltR, and histidine kinase GtrS, respectively.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of edible mushrooms: features, evolution, and phylogeny.

Edible mushrooms are an important food source with high nutritional and medicinal value. They are a useful source for studying phylogenetic evolution and species divergence. The exploration of the evolutionary relationships among these species conventionally involves analyzing sequence variations within their complete mitochondrial genomes, which range from 31,854 bp (Cordyceps militaris) to 197,486 bp (Grifolia frondosa).

A Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Specifically Improving the Solubility and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Bird's Nest.

Edible bird's nest (EBN), a most highly priced and valuable foodstuff, contains high percentage of proteins and carbohydrates. However, proteins adhering to these carbohydrates make the EBN hard and tough, which need to be boiled as the bird's nest soup to make the Chinese cuisine. To overcome the hard and tough texture of EBN and improve the digestion degrees, the present study screened and identified a probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YZW02 from 5-year stored EBN sample completely solubilizing EBN for the first time.

Recent insights into glucans biosynthesis and engineering strategies in edible fungi.

Fungal α/β-glucans have significant importance in cellular functions including cell wall structure, host-pathogen interactions and energy storage, and wide application in high-profile fields, including food, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals. Fungal species and their growth/developmental stages result in a diversity of glucan contents, structures and bioactivities. Substantial progresses have been made to elucidate the fine structures and functions, and reveal the potential molecular synthesis pathway of fungal α/β-glucans.

Overall quality changes and deterioration mechanism of fragrant rapeseed oils during 6-Month storage.

The strong-fragrant rapeseed oil (SFRO) is a popular rapeseed oil in China with a low refining degree only degumming with hot water, which remarkably affects its storage stability. The present study compared the overall changes of physical/chemical/nutrient quality of FROs at various temperatures, light wavelengths and headspace volumes. Results showed that red light (680 nm) had a most significant adverse effect on the overall quality of SFRO with the higher correlation coefficients to PV and TOTOX of 0.

Grifola frondosa polysaccharides: A review on structure/activity, biosynthesis and engineering strategies.

Polysaccharides are the main polymers in edible fungi Grifola frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. Recent efforts have well elucidated the fine structures and biological functions of G. frondosa polysaccharides.

Biochemical and structural characterization of a glucan synthase GFGLS2 from edible fungus Grifola frondosa to synthesize β-1, 3-glucan.

Background: Grifola frondosa is a Basidiomycete fungus belonging to the family of Grifolaceae and the order of Polyporales. β-Glucans are the main polymers in G. frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans.

Functional Characterization and Structural Basis of the β-1,3-Glucan Synthase CMGLS from Mushroom .

β-1,3-Glucan synthases play key roles in glucan synthesis, cell wall assembly, and growth of fungi. However, their multi-transmembrane domains (over 14 TMHs) and large molecular masses (over 100 kDa) significantly hamper understanding of their catalytic characteristics and mechanisms. In the present study, the 5841-bp gene encoding the 221.

The β-1,3-glucan synthase gene GFGLS2 plays major roles in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis in Grifola frondosa.

β-1,3-Glucans are well-known biological and health-promoting compounds in edible fungi. Our previous results characterized a glucan synthase gene (GFGLS) of Grifola frondosa for the first time to understand its role in mycelial growth and glucan biosynthesis. In the present study, we identified and functionally reannotated another glucan synthase gene, GFGLS2, based on our previous results.

Changes of structures and biosynthesis/hydrolysis-associated genes expression of glucans at different Volvariella volvacea maturity stages.

In the present study, effects of maturity stage on structural characteristics and biosynthesis/hydrolysis-associated genes expression of glucans from Volvariella volvacea fruit body were well investigated. Elongation and pileus expansion stages decreased total soluble carbohydrate and protein contents to 17.09 mg/g and 8.

The role of Rho1 gene in the cell wall integrity and polysaccharides biosynthesis of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa.

Grifola frondosa polysaccharides, especially β-glucans, showed the significant antitumor, hypoglycemic, and immune-stimulating activities. In the present study, a predominant regulatory subunit gfRho1p of β-1,3-glucan synthase in G. frondosa was identified with a molecular weight of 20.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene affects mycelia growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa.

To elucidate potential roles of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa, a putative 2036-bp UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene gfugp encoding a 53.17-kDa protein was cloned and re-annotated. Two dual promoter RNA silencing vectors of pAN7-iUGP-P-dual and pAN7-iUGP-C-dual were constructed to down-regulate gfugp expression by targeting its promoter or conserved functional sequences, respectively.

ARTP mutation and adaptive laboratory evolution improve probiotic performance of Bacillus coagulans.

Bacillus coagulans is a thermophilic, facultative anaerobic, spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, which is used as a probiotic in animal feed and human dietary supplements. In the present study, a bile-resistant thermophilic B. coagulans WT-03 strain was isolated and genetically identified.

Two-Stage Semi-Continuous 2-Keto-Gluconic Acid (2KGA) Production by JUIM01 From Rice Starch Hydrolyzate.

A two-stage semi-continuous strategy for producing 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) by JUIM01 from rice starch hydrolyzate (RSH) has been developed. The initial glucose concentration (140 g/L) was selected for first-stage fermentation due to its highest 2KGA productivity of 7.58 g/(L⋅h), cell weight of 3.

Enhanced Acid Tolerance in Lactobacillus acidophilus by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Coupled with Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE).

The aim of this study was to improve the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus by combining atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation with adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). To achieve a high mutation efficiency, 60 s was determined as the ideal exposure time for ARTP mutation of L. acidophilus with a survival rate of 5.

A macromolecular α-glucan from fruiting bodies of Volvariella volvacea activating RAW264. 7 macrophages through MAPKs pathway.

A novel macromolecular polysaccharide VGPⅠ-a was purified from Volvariella volvacea fruiting bodies with ultrasound-assisted extraction, ion exchange and gel chromatography. VGPⅠ-a was proved as a α- glucan with Mw of 1435.6 kDa and contained a 1,4-linked d-Glcp backbone with the substitution at C-6 with 1-linked d-Glcp residue.

Functions of a Glucan Synthase Gene in Mycelial Growth and Polysaccharide Production of .

Glucan synthase (GLS) gene is known to be involved in the fungal biosynthesis of cell wall, differentiation, and growth. In the present study, a glucan synthase gene () in the edible mushroom with a full sequence of 5927 bp encoding a total of 1781 amino acids was cloned and characterized for the first time. GFGLSp is a membrane protein containing two large transmembrane domains connected with a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain.

A Membrane-Bound Gluconate Dehydrogenase from 2-Keto-D-Gluconic Acid Industrial Producing Strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01: Purification, Characterization, and Gene Identification.

The membrane-bound gluconate dehydrogenase (mGADH) is a critical enzyme for 2-keto-D-gluconic acid (2KGA) production in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01. The purified native flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent mGADH (FAD-mGADH) was consisted of a gamma subunit, a flavoprotein subunit, and a cytochrome c subunit with molecular mass of ~ 27, 65, and 47 kDa, respectively. The specific activity of FAD-mGADH was determined as 90.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from : Process Optimization and Structural Characterization.

The aims of the present study were to optimize the operational parameters to maximize the yield of ultrasound-assisted polysaccharide extraction from (straw mushroom) fruiting bodies by using for the first time one-factor-at-a-time and three-level Box-Behnken factorial designs. A maximum polysaccharide yield of 8.28 ± 0.

Purification, characterization and gene identification of a membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase from 2-keto-d-gluconic acid industrial producing strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01.

The membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase (mGDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the industrial production of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid (2KGA) from glucose. In this study, mGDH was firstly purified from a 2KGA industrial producing strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida JUIM01. The purified mGDH exhibited a specific activity of 16.

Improved mycelia and polysaccharide production of Grifola frondosa by controlling morphology with microparticle Talc.

Background: Mushroom showed pellet, clump and/or filamentous mycelial morphologies during submerged fermentation. Addition of microparticles including Talc (magnesium silicate), aluminum oxide and titanium oxide could control mycelial morphologies to improve mycelia growth and secondary metabolites production. Here, effect of microparticle Talc (45 μm) addition on the mycelial morphology, fermentation performance, monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides and enzymes activities associated with polysaccharide synthesis in G.