Aquaporin‑1 regulates microglial polarization and inflammatory response in traumatic brain injury.

The present study investigated the mechanisms by which aquaporin 1 (AQP1) influences microglial polarization and neuroinflammatory processes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). A model of TBI was generated in AQP1‑knockout mice to assess the impact of AQP1 deletion on inflammatory cytokine release, neuronal damage and cognitive function. Immunofluorescence, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay were employed to evaluate pro‑inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory markers.

Differential thresholds of net ecosystem productivity in karst and non-karst regions for identifying their potential carbon sinks areas.

Within ecosystems, habitat influences structure, and structure determines function, forming a habitat-structure-function framework (HSFF). Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is a key indicator for assessing regional or global carbon dynamics. However, the response thresholds of NEP to habitat and structural factors, along with management strategies based on these thresholds, remain under-explored.

An Underlying Cause and Solution to the Poor Size Exclusion Chromatography Performance of Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Purposes: Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) size variants are frequently assessed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). However, poor chromatography performance is often observed during SEC analysis. Existing studies have primarily focused on qualitatively describing non-specific interactions between ADCs and the column matrix.

Valproic acid attenuates the severity of astrogliosis in the hippocampus of animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Reactive astrogliosis is one of the most frequency neuropathological alterations in the hippocampus of animal models and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Valproic acid (VPA), a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED), acts by blocking ion channels and enhancing GABAergic activity. This study investigated the effects of VPA on hippocampal astrogliosis in a rat model of TLE.

Exploring the impact mechanisms on different mechanized airing approaches during second round heap fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu: From physicochemical parameters, microbial diversity to volatile flavor compounds.

The airing process of sauce-flavor Baijiu is a critical operation that serves the functions of cooling, homogenizing, and facilitating microbial proliferation and metabolism. Comprehensive analysis of physicochemical parameters, bacterial and fungal community of fermented grains, and volatile flavor compounds of soy-sauce (Jiangxiang) and mellow-sweet (Chuntian) typical base liquors among traditional (CT) and two different mechanized (JXA and JXB) airing operations were investigated. The results indicated that the dynamic variation patterns of moisture content, total titratable acidity, starch content, lactic acid, acetic acid, pH, and dominated microbial composition among CT, JXA, and JXB were similar, while minor bacterial genera with relative abundance including unclassified Micrococcineae, unclassified Rhizobiales, etc, and dominated fungi such as Torulaspora, Hyphopichia, Candida, Pichia, and Penicillium were profoundly influenced by mechanized airing operations, especially by JXB.

Reaction Pathway Regulation for Gaseous and Liquid Products of Electrocatalytic CO Reduction under Adsorbate Interactions.

Halide anion adsorption on transition metals can improve the performance of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), while the specific reaction mechanisms governing selective CORR pathways remain unclear. In this study, we reveal for the first time the distinct pathway switching between gaseous (CO) and liquid products (formate and ethanol) on the well-defined Ag-Cu nanostructures with controlled chlorination. We show that CO conversion to CO on Ag/AgCl can be tuned by adjusting the thickness of AgCl layer, achieving a high selectivity over a broad potential range in a 0.

A cross-sectional study of clinical characteristics and risk factors for hand eczema in the general Chinese population.

In the general population, there is limited evidence for the associations between hand eczema (HE) and lifestyle factors, and between the severity of HE and quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the risk factors for the incidence of HE in the general population and the risk factors for the severity of HE. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 121 HE patients in a hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 in Wuhan.

Information Propagation in Hypergraph-Based Social Networks.

Social networks, functioning as core platforms for modern information dissemination, manifest distinctive user clustering behaviors and state transition mechanisms, thereby presenting new challenges to traditional information propagation models. Based on hypergraph theory, this paper augments the traditional SEIR model by introducing a novel hypernetwork information dissemination SSEIR model specifically designed for online social networks. This model accurately represents complex, multi-user, high-order interactions.

Lack of Serological and Molecular Evidence of Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in Ducks from South Korea.

The duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging flavivirus, has led to severe neurological disorders and substantial economic losses in the duck industry throughout Asia. Considering South Korea's increasing duck production and its strategic location along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, this study aimed to assess the presence of DTMUV in South Korea to evaluate potential risks to the poultry industry. We performed a comprehensive serological survey of 1796 serum samples from broiler and breeder ducks collected between 2011 and 2023, alongside molecular detection tests on 51 duck flocks exhibiting suspected clinical signs of DTMUV infection.

Pharmacological restoration of GTP hydrolysis by mutant RAS.

Approximately 3.4 million patients worldwide are diagnosed each year with cancers that have pathogenic mutations in one of three RAS proto-oncogenes (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS). These mutations impair the GTPase activity of RAS, leading to activation of downstream signalling and proliferation.

The impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on changes of coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve.

Background: The effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on changes of computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) values was controversial. Thus, we aimed to identify the impact of TAVR on changes of CT-FFR values, plaque characteristics, and the associated clinical impact.

Methods: This single-center observational study included 39 consecutive patients with severe aortic valve disease undergone TAVR between August 2019 and April 2023, whom were performed with preoperative and postoperative coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

The impacts of contact explosions on ultra-high performance reinforced concrete slabs: experimental study and dimensional analysis.

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming a prevailing construction material in protective engineering. However, an insufficient research basis causes difficulty in the anti-explosion structural design of UHPC. To investigate the blast resistance of the UHPC slab (UHPCS), contact explosion tests were carried out.

Aerobic exercise improves astrocyte mitochondrial quality and transfer to neurons in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-established hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite recent documentation of transcellular mitochondrial transfer, its role in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. In this study, we report an impairment of mitochondrial quality within the astrocytes and neurons of adult 5 × FAD mice.

[Spatiotemporal Eolution and Prediction of Ecosystem Service Value in Taihang Mountains Based on MCCA Land Use Scenario Simulation].

Ecosystem service value （ESV） is an important indicator related to regional ecological well-being, and understanding its evolution can provide references for regional ecological civilization construction and sustainable development. The Taihang Mountains, an important ecological security barrier in North China, were taken as an example. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, this study revealed the changes in land use and ecosystem service value in the Taihang Mountains and conducted multi-scenario simulations of ESV in 2035.

Rice husk biochar is more effective in blocking the cadmium and lead accumulation in two Brassica vegetables grown on a contaminated field than sugarcane bagasse biochar.

Heavy metal-contaminated soil has a great impact on yield reduction of vegetable crops and soil microbial community destruction. Biochar-derived waste biomass is one of the most commonly applied soil conditioners in heavy metal-contaminated soil. Different heavy metal-contaminated soil added with suitable biochars represent an intriguing way of the safe production of crops.

Preparation, process optimisation, stability and bacteriostatic assessment of composite nanoemulsion containing corosolic acid.

Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits remarkably low hydrophilicity, restricting its application in aqueous systems. To enhance its hydrophilicity, we optimised nanoemulsion preparation conditions, resulting in a stable corosolic acid nanoemulsion system. By screening the oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant, along with investigating the mass ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant and the preparation temperature, we achieved an optimal corosolic acid nanoemulsion.

Complete response to disitamab vedotin in HER2-low metastatic endometrial carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies with increasing morbidity. The prognosis for patients diagnosed with early-stage EC remains favorable; however, for patients with recurrent or metastatic EC, the prognosis is poor and treatment options, until recently, are limited. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent innovative strategies in cancer treatment; however, there are less investigations regarding their efficacy in EC.

A strongly coupled oxide-support heterostructure for efficient acidic water oxidation.

The synthesized RuO/MnCoO nano-heterostructure possesses dense interfaces and abundant defect structures, synergistically balancing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and stability. RuO/MnCoO exhibits a low overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer assembled can operate at 200 mA cm stably for 50 h.

Lipid metabolic rewiring in glioma‑associated microglia/macrophages (Review).

Gliomas are the most prevailing brain malignancy in both children and adults. Microglia, which are resident in the central nervous system (CNS), are distributed throughout the brain and serve an important role in the immunity of the CNS. Microglial cells exhibit varying phenotypic and metabolic properties during different stages of glioma development, making them a highly dynamic cell population.