Effects of the mTOR Pathway on the Balance of Th2/Treg Cells in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

Introduction: Immune dysfunction contributes to the progression of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), but the details of the pathogenesis of progression remain unknown. This study of children with INS investigated the relationship of activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K) with the levels of T helper 2/regulatory T (Th2/Treg) cells.

Materials And Methods: Twenty children with active INS (before steroid treatment), 20 children with remitting INS (INS-R, after steroid treatment), and 20 healthy control children (Ctrl) were enrolled.

Association between HLA alleles and sub-phenotype of childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Few studies have addressed the effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles on different clinical sub-phenotypes in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), including SSNS without recurrence (SSNSWR) and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome/frequently relapse nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). In this study, we investigated the relationship between HLA system and children with SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS and clarified the value of HLA allele detection for precise typing of childhood SSNS.

Methods: A total of 241 Chinese Han individuals with SSNS were genotyped using GenCap-WES Capture Kit, and four-digit resolution HLA alleles were imputed from available Genome Wide Association data.

Function of miR-24 and miR-27 in Pediatric Patients With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

We investigated the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) by measuring the effects two specific miRNAs on Th2 cells in children with this disease. After informed consent, we enrolled 20 children with active INS before steroid initiation, 20 children with INS in remission after steroid therapy, and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of Th2 cells and a cytometric bead array was used to measure the levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13.

Clinical Analysis of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Complicated by Plastic Bronchitis in Children.

Objective: To summarize the clinical features of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) complicated by plastic bronchitis (PB) in children to provide guidance for treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical data of 25 children hospitalized with NS complicated by PB in our Hospital between 10/2016 and 03/2019, and summarized the clinical manifestations, imaging and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) examinations, treatment course and outcome of them.

Results: 1).

The effects of ketogenic diet on the Th17/Treg cells imbalance in patients with intractable childhood epilepsy.

Purpose: The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for intractable epilepsy (IE), however the therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate T helper type 17/regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) levels in children with IE and age-matched healthy controls following KD.

Method: Circulating levels of Th17/Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.