Prophylactic ondansetron for preventing intraoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Shivering, nausea and vomiting are common complications in cesarean section during neuraxial anesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prophylactic use of ondansetron on intraoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting in women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods: A total of 80 full-term parturients were randomly divided into the ondansetron group and the control group.

Minimally Invasive Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Enabled by ECG Sensor and WPT to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

A hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) is an invasive device that is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through electrical stimulation. The conventional implantable HGNS device consists of a stimuli generator, a breathing sensor, and electrodes connected to the hypoglossal nerve via leads. However, this implant is bulky and causes significant trauma.

A Prospective Study Measuring Resident and Faculty Contour Concordance: A Potential Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Residents' Performance in Contouring and Target Delineation in Radiation Oncology Residency.

Purpose/objective(s): Accurate target delineation (ie, contouring) is essential for radiation treatment planning and radiotherapy efficacy. As a result, improving the quality of target delineation is an important goal in the education of radiation oncology residents. The purpose of this study was to track the concordance of radiation oncology residents' contours with those of faculty physicians over the course of 1 year to assess for patterns.

Improving the adversarial transferability with relational graphs ensemble adversarial attack.

In transferable black-box attacks, adversarial samples remain adversarial across multiple models and are more likely to attack unknown models. From this view, acquiring and exploiting multiple models is the key to improving transferability. For exploiting multiple models, existing approaches concentrate on differences among models but ignore the underlying complex dependencies.

A Closed-Loop Approach to Fight Coronavirus: Early Detection and Subsequent Treatment.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous damage to the social economy and people's health. Some major issues fighting COVID-19 include early and accurate diagnosis and the shortage of ventilator machines for critical patients. In this manuscript, we describe a novel solution to deal with COVID-19: portable biosensing and wearable photoacoustic imaging for early and accurate diagnosis of infection and magnetic neuromodulation or minimally invasive electrical stimulation to replace traditional ventilation.

The effect of anticonvulsants on survival among patients with GBM brain tumors undergoing radiation: A SEER-Medicare analysis.

Background: Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who undergo radiation often require anticonvulsants during treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anticonvulsants on GBM clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the SEER-Medicare database.

Nicotinamide riboside alleviates cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy via SIRT2 activation.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy represents a major impairment to the quality of life of cancer patients and is one of the most common dose-limiting adverse effects of cancer treatment. Despite its prevalence, no effective treatment or prevention strategy exists. We have previously provided genetic evidence that the NAD-dependent deacetylase, SIRT2, protects against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuronal cell death and neuropathy by enhancing nucleotide excision repair.

A phantom-based study and clinical implementation of brainlab's treatment planning system for radiosurgical treatments of arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: Development of a simple, phantom-based methodology allowing for pilot applications for the Elements TPS cranio-vascular module and clinical implementation prior to AVM treatments.

Methods: A customized phantom was developed to be visible in MRI and CT images. High resolution digital subtraction angiograms (DSAs) and CT images of the phantom were acquired and imported into the Brainlab Elements treatment planning system.

#Brachytherapy: Physicians As Influencers on Instagram.

Purpose We aimed to evaluate brachytherapy-related posts on Instagram by identifying patient concerns, the content of related posts, and user outreach. Methods and materials A list of top posts from searching #brachytherapy on May 7, 2021, were generated on a mobile device and all data are representative as of May 7, 2021. Searching for #brachytherapy resulted in 1010 posts which were analyzed using Instagram.

A dosimetric comparative analysis of Brainlab elements and Eclipse RapidArc for spine SBRT treatment planning.

. This is a dosimetric study comparing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans of spine tumors using Brainlab Elements Spine planning module against Eclipse RapidArc plans. Dose conformity, dose gradient, dose fall-off, and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) metrics were evaluated.

Photoacoustic imaging for monitoring of stroke diseases: A review.

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability after ischemic heart disease. However, there is lacking a non-invasive long-time monitoring technique for stroke diagnosis and therapy. The photoacoustic imaging approach reconstructs images of an object based on the energy excitation by optical absorption and its conversion to acoustic waves, due to corresponding thermoelastic expansion, which has optical resolution and acoustic propagation.

Targeting DNA Damage Response and Repair to Enhance Therapeutic Index in Cisplatin-Based Cancer Treatment.

Platinum-based chemotherapies, such as cisplatin, play a large role in cancer treatment. The development of resistance and treatment toxicity creates substantial barriers to disease control, yet. To enhance the therapeutic index of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, it is imperative to circumvent resistance and toxicity while optimizing tumor sensitization.

Pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy for previously irradiated tumors in the brain and spine.

Background: Patients with unresectable locoregional cancer recurrences have limited management options. Reirradiation increases the risk of toxicity, particularly when perilesional dose-volume constraints are exceeded. We present and discuss two cases of previously irradiated tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) that was reirradiated using the pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy (PRDR) technique.

SIRT2 promotes murine melanoma progression through natural killer cell inhibition.

SIRT2, an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, has been shown to play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, however, its role in cancer is currently controversial. In recent years, SIRT2 has been described as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene with divergent expression and function in various malignancies. Using murine allograft melanoma models, our results suggest increased systemic expression of SIRT2 promotes tumor progression.

Clinical and Research Solutions to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common sleep disorder disease, affects millions of people. Without appropriate treatment, this disease can provoke several health-related risks including stroke and sudden death. A variety of treatments have been introduced to relieve OSA.

The Role of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Mechanism, Prevention, and Treatment.

Platinum-based chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common dose-limiting effects of cancer treatment and results in dose reduction and discontinuation of life-saving chemotherapy. Its debilitating effects are often permanent and lead to lifelong impairment of quality of life in cancer patients. While the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are not yet fully defined, dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons play an integral role in symptom development.

Depletion of senescent-like neuronal cells alleviates cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is among the most common dose-limiting adverse effects of cancer treatment, leading to dose reduction and discontinuation of life-saving chemotherapy and a permanently impaired quality of life for patients. Currently, no effective treatment or prevention is available. Senescence induced during cancer treatment has been shown to promote the adverse effects.

The role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer and methods to overcome resistance: a review.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent one of the successful novel approaches to targeted cancer treatment. Indeed, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved PARP inhibitors for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers. Despite the proven efficacy of these agents, certain challenges remain with their use.

SIRT2 protects peripheral neurons from cisplatin-induced injury by enhancing nucleotide excision repair.

Platinum-based chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common causes of dose reduction and discontinuation of life-saving chemotherapy in cancer treatment; it often causes permanent impairment of quality of life in cancer patients. The mechanisms that underlie this neuropathy are not defined, and effective treatment and prevention measures are not available. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT2 protected mice against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

Sirt2-associated transcriptome modifications in cisplatin-induced neuronal injury.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is not only one of the most common causes of dose reduction or discontinuation of cancer treatment, but it can also permanently decrease the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors. Notably, Sirt2 protects many organs from various injuries, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy. As demonstrated previously by our laboratory and others, the overexpression of Sirt2 can improve cisplatin-induced neuropathy, although the mechanism is still unclear.

Effect of laparoscopic myomectomy on serum levels of IL-6 and TAC, and ovarian function.

Effect of laparoscopic myomectomy on the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the ovarian function of patients with uterine fibroids was studied. Ninety patients with uterine fibroids admitted to The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from March 2013 to July 2014, were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=45) and the control group (n=45). The experimental group was treated with laparoscopic myomectomy, and the control group was treated with abdominal myomectomy.

How Do Patients Rate Their Radiation Oncologists in the Modern Era: An Analysis of Vitals.com.

Introduction The popularity of online physician rating websites has risen substantially. These third-party sites have the potential to significantly influence patients' perception of their healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate online ratings of U.

Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand break repair.

Resistance to genotoxic therapies is a primary cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence. The underlying mechanisms that activate the DNA damage response (DDR) and allow cancer cells to escape the lethal effects of genotoxic therapies remain unclear. Here, we uncover an unexpected mechanism through which pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), the highly expressed PK isoform in cancer cells and a master regulator of cancer metabolic reprogramming, integrates with the DDR to directly promote DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair.