Gibberellin biosynthesis gene ScGA20 oxidase enhances sugarcane growth by modulating genes associated with phytohormone and growth processes.

Sugarcane is a globally significant crop for sugar and energy production, yet its breeding potential is limited by its complex genetic background and restricted genetic diversity. Molecular breeding presents a promising approach to boost sugarcane productivity. Gibberellins (GA) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, with GA20-oxidase being the most crucial enzyme in GA biosynthesis.

Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Genes in Plants: Its Role and Practice for Crop Improvement.

Plants convert solar energy and carbon dioxide into organic compounds through photosynthesis. Sucrose is the primary carbonate produced during photosynthesis. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is the key enzyme controlling sucrose biosynthesis in plants.

Which Front-of-Package Nutrition Label Is Better? The Influence of Front-of-Package Nutrition Label Type on Consumers' Healthy Food Purchase Behavior.

To help consumers understand the healthfulness of food and make healthy food choices, manufacturers are increasingly providing front-of-package nutrition labels. However, not all types of front-of-package nutrition labels can promote consumers' healthy food purchase behavior. We explored the impact of front-of-package nutrition label type on the consumer purchase behavior of healthy food through three experiments.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Landscape of Sugarcane Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stressors.

Sugarcane, a C plant, provides most of the world's sugar, and a substantial amount of renewable bioenergy, due to its unique sugar-accumulating and feedstock properties. Brazil, India, China, and Thailand are the four largest sugarcane producers worldwide, and the crop has the potential to be grown in arid and semi-arid regions if its stress tolerance can be improved. Modern sugarcane cultivars which exhibit a greater extent of polyploidy and agronomically important traits, such as high sugar concentration, biomass production, and stress tolerance, are regulated by complex mechanisms.

How Consumer Expertise Influences Preference for Customized Food.

The strategy of food customization has increasingly aroused widespread interest among marketing managers and scholars, but most of them focus on the direct effect of customization on purchase intention. According to the research on self-image-consistent product perceptions, customization may also have an indirect amplification effect. Current research finds food customization will prompt individuals to incorporate their expertise in their perceptions of focal product attributes (taste perception).

Proteomics data analysis using multiple statistical approaches identified proteins and metabolic networks associated with sucrose accumulation in sugarcane.

Background: Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop, contributing > 80% of global sugar production. High sucrose content is a key target of sugarcane breeding, yet sucrose improvement in sugarcane remains extremely slow for decades. Molecular breeding has the potential to break through the genetic bottleneck of sucrose improvement.

Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Genes Related to Sex Determination and Differentiation in Sugarcane Borer ( Bojer).

Bojer is an important sugarcane pest globally. Along with genetic modification strategies, the sterile insect technique (SIT) has gained more attention as an environment-friendly method for pest control. The identification of key genes associated with sex determination and differentiation will provide important basic information for this control strategy.

Functional relationship between photosynthetic leaf gas exchange in response to silicon application and water stress mitigation in sugarcane.

Background: Water stress is one of the serious abiotic stresses that negatively influences the growth, development and production of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions. However, silicon (Si) has been applied as an alleviation strategy subjected to environmental stresses.

Methods: In this experiment, Si was applied as soil irrigation in sugarcane plants to understand the mitigation effect of Si against harmful impact of water stress on photosynthetic leaf gas exchange.

Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency.

Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants.

The size-dependent genotoxic potentials of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to endothelial cells.

Despite intensive research activities, there are still many major knowledge gaps over the potential adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO -NPs), one of the most widely produced and used nanoparticles, on human cardiovascular health and the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test were employed to determine the genotoxic potentials of four sizes (100, 50, 30, and 10 nm) of anatase TiO -NPs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture. Also, the intracellular redox statuses were explored through the measurement of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) with kits, respectively.

Ethylene-mediated improvement in sucrose accumulation in ripening sugarcane involves increased sink strength.

Background: Sugarcane is a major crop producing about 80% of sugar globally. Increasing sugar content is a top priority for sugarcane breeding programs worldwide, however, the progress is extremely slow. Owing to its commercial significance, the physiology of sucrose accumulation has been studied extensively but it did not lead to any significant practical outcomes.

Self-assembly of a silicon-containing side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymer in bulk and in thin films: kinetic pathway of a cylinder to sphere transition.

The self-assembly of a high-χ silicon-containing side-chain liquid crystalline block copolymer (LC BCP) in bulk and in thin films is reported, and the structural transition process from the hexagonally packed cylinder (HEX) to the body-centered cubic structure (BCC) in thin films was examined by both reciprocal and real space experimental methods. The block copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-11-(4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yloxy)undecylmethacrylate) (PDMS-b-P(4CNB11C)MA) with a molecular weight of 19.5 kg mol-1 and a volume fraction of PDMS 27% self-assembled in bulk into a hierarchical nanostructure of sub-20 nm HEX cylinders of PDMS with the P(4CNB11C)MA block exhibiting a smectic LC phase with a 1.

The size-dependent genotoxicity and oxidative stress of silica nanoparticles on endothelial cells.

Concerns over the health risk of the widely distributed, commonly used silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are increasing worldwide. Yet, up to now, there are still many major knowledge gaps over the potential adverse effects of SiNP exposure on human cardiovascular health and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, comet assay and micronucleus test were employed to determine the genotoxic potentials of four sizes (10, 25, 50, 100 nm) of SiNPs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture.

Identification of Ethylene Responsive miRNAs and Their Targets from Newly Harvested Banana Fruits Using High-Throughput Sequencing.

The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to ethylene response in banana fruits remain unknown because many miRNAs are differentially expressed as the fruit ripens, making the identification of ethylene-responsive miRNAs difficult. Using newly harvested banana fruits (within 5 h after harvest) as material, we found that these fruit did not ripen when treated with 5 μL/L of ethylene for 12 h at 22 °C. Two miRNA libraries were generated from newly harvested banana fruits with and without ethylene treatment and sequenced.

The size-dependent apoptotic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on endothelial cells by the intracellular pathway.

Concerns over the health risk of the widely distributed, commonly used titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO ) are increasing worldwide. Yet, up-to-now, our understanding in their potential effects on the cardiovascular system is very limited and the toxicological mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of four sizes (10, 30, 50, and 100 nm) of anatase nano-TiO on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture, and the flow cytometry was employed to investigate the potential of these nano-TiO to induce the apoptosis of HUVECs.

The size-dependent effects of silica nanoparticles on endothelial cell apoptosis through activating the p53-caspase pathway.

With the growing production and applications of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), human exposure to these nanoparticles continues to increase. However, the possible hazards that SiNP exposure may pose to human cardiovascular system and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the flow cytometry was employed to investigate the potential of four sizes (10, 25, 50, 100 nm) of SiNPs to induce the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture.

PM induced apoptosis in endothelial cell through the activation of the p53-bax-caspase pathway.

Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms by which PM exposure induces or aggravates CVDs remain insufficiently clear. In the present study, the flow cytometry was employed to investigate the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by PM in culture.

The health effects of ambient PM2.5 and potential mechanisms.

The impacts of ambient PM2.5 on public health have become great concerns worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that PM2.

micro-Oxo-bis{{2,2'-[2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}oxorhenium(V)}.

The title compound, [Re(2)O(3)(C(19)H(20)N(2)O(2))(2)], is a hexacoordinate complex containing an [Re(2)O(3)](4+) core with a linear O=Re-O-Re=O bridge. The distorted octahedral coordination of the Re(V) atom is achieved by an N(2)O(2) donor set from the tetradentate imine-phenol ligand. The overall charge of the compound is neutral due to deprotonation of the phenol groups, and the terminating and bridging O atoms.

3,3,10,10-tetramethyl-1,2-dithia-5,8-diazacyclodeca-4,8-diene.

The title compound, C(10)H(18)N(2)S(2), acts as an important precursor for the synthesis of the pharmaceutically important diaminedithiol ligand system. The molecule has a local twofold axis and the arrangement of the S(2)N(2) donor atoms in the macrocycle is anticlinal.